Estimation of Temperature in Biological Tissue Using the Atangana–Baleanu Fractional Model Caused by Laser Irradiation

This study investigates the thermal effects on skin tissue resulting from laser irradiation, utilizing the Atangana–Baleanu fractional model to describe the bioheat processes. The governing equation for fractional bio-heat problem is expressed in its dimensionless version, enabling an analytical solution in closed form by means of Atangana–Baleanu time-fractional derivative approach. Thermal responses under laser irradiation are analyzed using Laplace transform and numerical inverse transform techniques. The obtained models reduced to both non-Fourier bio-heat and classical Pennes models, so that possible comparison of fractional derivatives in the bio-heat equation can be performed. A numerical study investigated the influences of certain physical parameters, such as the fractional derivative parameter and blood perfusion rate on the temperature change and the thermal damages.