森林湖森林亚流域近河道侵蚀对流域尺度泥沙和磷负荷的驱动作用

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Anna C. Baker , Faith A. Fitzpatrick , Samuel S. Soderman , Michael J. Kennedy , Shelby P. Sterner , Jesse P. Anderson , Karen B. Gran , Krimson S. Anderson , Kevin Stroom , Phil Norvitch , James D. Blount , Matthew E. Gutzmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

小福克河是美国明尼苏达州北部的一个森林分水岭,它为雨河和森林湖提供了不成比例的沉积物和磷。利用地球化学沉积物指纹图谱和河流走廊沉积物预算(除了高地森林和农业、道路和河岸外,还包括采伐的森林和沟壑)的互补证据线,研究了小叉河的沉积物和沉积物结合磷的来源。靠近河道的沟谷和河滩沉积物占河床沉积物的95 - 100%,河口悬浮沉积物占79 - 100%,而支流中高达50%的悬浮沉积物来自高地,包括采伐的森林、农业和道路。8个地点的重复悬浮沉积物取样表明,不同地点之间的源变异性大于不同事件之间的源变异性。峡谷侵蚀是流域下游沉积物和沉积物结合磷负荷的最大贡献者,而河床沉积物的来源更大。河道附近的侵蚀也贡献了磷,尽管不像森林土壤和农业土壤那样不稳定和对氧化还原敏感。与农业环境的观测结果相反,悬浮沉积物磷浓度高于某些来源,但不是所有来源。流域大小、冰川历史、土地覆盖、温度变化和降水对径流生成和峰值流量的影响是减轻小叉河近河道泥沙和磷损失的重要考虑因素。这些结果表明,对小福克河沉积物和磷出口的管理可以结合流域位置、地貌环境和径流特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Near-channel erosion as a driver of watershed-scale sediment and phosphorus loading in a forested sub-watershed of Lake of the Woods
The Little Fork River, a forested watershed in northern Minnesota, United States, is a disproportionate contributor of sediment and phosphorus to Rainy River and Lake of the Woods. Sources of sediment and sediment-bound phosphorus to the Little Fork were investigated using complementary lines of evidence in the form of geochemical sediment fingerprinting and a stream-corridor sediment budget that included harvested forest and ravines, in addition to upland forest and agriculture, roads, and streambanks. Near-channel ravine and streambank sources comprised 95–100 % of streambed sediment and 79–100 % of suspended sediment at the river mouth, while tributaries had up to 50% of suspended sediment from upland sources including harvested forest, agriculture, and roads. Repeat suspended-sediment sampling at eight sites showed more source variability among sites than across events. Ravine erosion was the watershed’s largest contributor to downstream sediment and sediment-bound phosphorus loading, while streambed sediment had a larger streambank source. Near-channel erosion also contributed phosphorus, though with less labile and redox-sensitive forms than forest and agricultural soils. In contrast to observations from agricultural settings, suspended-sediment phosphorus concentrations were elevated above some, but not all sources. The effects of watershed size, glacial history, land cover, and variable temperature and precipitation on runoff generation and peak streamflow are important considerations for mitigating near-channel loss of sediment and phosphorus in the Little Fork. These results suggest that management of sediment and phosphorus export from the Little Fork could incorporate context for location in the watershed, geomorphic setting, and runoff characteristics.
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来源期刊
Journal of Great Lakes Research
Journal of Great Lakes Research 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
13.60%
发文量
178
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Published six times per year, the Journal of Great Lakes Research is multidisciplinary in its coverage, publishing manuscripts on a wide range of theoretical and applied topics in the natural science fields of biology, chemistry, physics, geology, as well as social sciences of the large lakes of the world and their watersheds. Large lakes generally are considered as those lakes which have a mean surface area of >500 km2 (see Herdendorf, C.E. 1982. Large lakes of the world. J. Great Lakes Res. 8:379-412, for examples), although smaller lakes may be considered, especially if they are very deep. We also welcome contributions on saline lakes and research on estuarine waters where the results have application to large lakes.
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