The effectiveness of intra-articular pulsed radiofrequency in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of intra-articular steroid injection (IASI) and IASI combined with intra-articular pulsed radiofrequency (IAPRF) on pain and functional activities in stage II-III knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial included patients with knee pain persisting for more than 3 months. The participants were randomized into two groups: IAPRF + steroid injection (Group 1) and steroid injection only (Group 2). The injections were administered under fluoroscopic guidance, and the needle was advanced to the midline of the tibiofemoral joint. Group 1 received 8 mg of intra-articular dexamethasone after IAPRF application for 360 s at 45 V, with the temperature not exceeding 42°C. Group 2 received 8 mg of intra-articular dexamethasone only. Pain intensity and participation in daily activities were evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, respectively, before the procedure and 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the procedure.

Results: A total of 54 patients were included in the study. Demographic data, baseline pain levels, and functional activities did not differ between the groups. Pain intensity at 4 and 12 weeks after the procedure was lower in Group 1. Participation in daily living activities was significantly higher in Group 1 at 12 weeks after the procedure.

Conclusion: IAPRF combined with intra-articular steroid significantly improves pain during the early-to-mid period and participation in daily living activities in the mid-term in stage II-III knee osteoarthritis.