Body Image and Quality of Life in Advanced Breast Cancer: The State of the Science.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and the second leading cause of death among US women. Advanced breast cancer (ABC) may lead to significant physical changes like fungating tumors, which can deeply affect body image and quality of life (QOL). Despite the prevalence of body image issues in patients with cancer, few studies examine these issues in the ABC population. Understanding this relationship is crucial to addressing patients' psychosocial needs and improving overall QOL.

Methods: A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted to assess the impact of body image on QOL in ABC patients. Searches in PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo yielded four studies that met inclusion criteria, including both qualitative and quantitative designs.

Results: The studies revealed that body image disturbances contribute to emotional distress, diminished intimacy, and social isolation. Quantitative studies showed statistically significant correlations between body image dissatisfaction and lower QOL, with greater body appreciation associated with improved emotional and cognitive functioning.

Conclusion: Body image significantly influences QOL in ABC patients, but research in this area remains limited. Further studies are necessary to understand this relationship and develop interventions that address body image concerns, potentially improving QOL for this underserved population.