儿童的身体成分和心脏代谢风险。

IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Irene Sequí-Domínguez, Mairena Sánchez-López, Miriam Garrido-Miguel, Monserrat Solera-Martínez, Valentina Díaz-Goñi, Sergio Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo, Pontus Henriksson, Ángel Herraiz-Adillo, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
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引用次数: 0

摘要

重要性:了解身体组成和心血管代谢危险因素(CMRFs)的长期模式对于确定心血管健康的早期决定因素、指导公共卫生政策和制定早期预防策略至关重要。目的:研究1992年至2022年西班牙学龄儿童中体重不足、超重、肥胖和cmrf患病率的长期模式。设计、环境和参与者:重复横断面研究分析了西班牙昆卡省公立小学30年间7个时间点的数据。参与者是来自1992年、1996年、1998年、2004年、2010年、2018年和2022年7个队列的8至11岁(4至5年级)儿童。数据分析时间为2024年4月至2025年5月。主要结局和测量指标:体重状况(体重不足、体重正常、超重和肥胖)、脂质参数、血糖指标、静息收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)的患病率。结果:在总共4280名参与者中(平均[SD]年龄,9.6[0.7]岁;2137[50.0%]名女孩),体重状况的流行模式显示,自2018年以来,肥胖的增长似乎已经放缓并趋于稳定(13.4%;95% CI, 2010年为11.5%至15.5%;8.1%;95% CI, 2018年为6.0%至10.5%;10.4% 95% CI, 2022年为8.1%至13.2%;结论和相关性:这项重复的横断面研究提供了过去30年来儿童CMRFs的演变情况,表明在西班牙,尽管超重的患病率较高,但血脂参数和血压在研究期间有所改善。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children.

Importance: Understanding secular patterns in body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) is essential for identifying early-life determinants of cardiovascular health, guiding public health policies, and developing early prevention strategies.

Objective: To examine secular patterns in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity, and CMRFs among schoolchildren in Spain from 1992 to 2022.

Design, setting, and participants: Repeated cross-sectional study analyzing data from 7 time points over a 30-year period in public primary schools from the Cuenca province in Spain. Participants were children aged 8 to 11 years (fourth to fifth grade) from 7 cohorts studied in 1992, 1996, 1998, 2004, 2010, 2018, and 2022. Data were analyzed from April 2024 to May 2025.

Main outcomes and measures: Prevalence of weight status (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity), lipid parameters, glycemic markers, and resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).

Results: In a total of 4280 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.6 [0.7] years; 2137 [50.0%] girls), patterns in the prevalence of weight status show that increases in obesity appear to have slowed down and plateaued since 2018 (13.4%; 95% CI, 11.5% to 15.5% in 2010; 8.1%; 95% CI, 6.0% to 10.5% in 2018; 10.4% 95% CI, 8.1% to 13.2% in 2022; P < .001). A statistically significant decrease in mean (SD) total cholesterol (184.6 [27.4] to 160.3 [27.4] mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (113.6 [24.0] to 90.1 [24.0] mg/dL) was observed, which was reflected in a reduction in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (125.3 [26.2] to 99.8 [26.1] mg/dL) from 1992 to 2022. Mean (SD) serum HDL-C appear to have peaked from 1998 to 2004 (66.2 [13.3] vs 66.9 [13.3] mg/dL, respectively), and its levels have decreased since then (60.5 [13.4] mg/dL in 2022; P < .001). Mean (SD) resting blood pressure showed a substantial decrease over the study period (SBP: 113.5 [9.6] to 101.0 [9.7] mm Hg and DBP: 70.4 [7.2] to 60.7 [7.3] mm Hg; P < .001). However, mean (SD) insulin levels show a significant rise from 2004 to 2022 (6.3 [5.3] to 8.7 [5.2] μIU/mL; P < .001).

Conclusions and relevance: This repeated cross-sectional study provides a picture of the evolution of CMRFs in children over the last 30 years, showing that, in Spain, despite the concerning prevalences of excess weight, lipid parameters and blood pressure have improved over the studied period.

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来源期刊
JAMA Network Open
JAMA Network Open Medicine-General Medicine
CiteScore
16.00
自引率
2.90%
发文量
2126
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: JAMA Network Open, a member of the esteemed JAMA Network, stands as an international, peer-reviewed, open-access general medical journal.The publication is dedicated to disseminating research across various health disciplines and countries, encompassing clinical care, innovation in health care, health policy, and global health. JAMA Network Open caters to clinicians, investigators, and policymakers, providing a platform for valuable insights and advancements in the medical field. As part of the JAMA Network, a consortium of peer-reviewed general medical and specialty publications, JAMA Network Open contributes to the collective knowledge and understanding within the medical community.
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