Assessing the Effectiveness of Interventions Implemented by Nurses to Reduce Medication Administration Errors in Hospitalised Acute Adult Patient Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Medication administration errors are high-risk patient safety issues that could potentially cause harm to patients, thereby delaying recovery and increasing length of hospital stay with additional healthcare costs. Nurses are pivotal to the medication administration process and are considered to be in the position to recognize and prevent these errors. However, the effectiveness of interventions implemented by nurses to reduce medication administration errors in acute hospital settings is less reported.

Aim: To identify and quantify the effectiveness of interventions by nurses in reducing medication administration errors in adults' inpatient acute hospital.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted up to 03/24. Six databases were searched. Study methodology quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools, and data extraction was conducted. Meta-analysis was performed to combine effect sizes from the studies, and synthesis without meta-analysis was adopted for studies that were not included in the meta-analysis to aggregate and re-examine results from studies.

Results: Searches identified 878 articles with 26 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Five types of interventions were identified: (1) educational program, (2) workflow smart technologies, (3) protocolised improvement strategy, (4) low resource ward-based interventions, and (5) electronic medication management. The overall results from 14 studies included in meta-analysis showed interventions implemented by nurses are effective in reducing medication administration errors (Z = 2.15 (p = 0.03); odds ratio = 95% CI 0.70 [0.51, 0.97], I² = 94%). Sub-group analysis showed workflow smart technologies to be the most effective intervention compared to usual care. Findings demonstrate that nurse-led interventions can significantly reduce medication administration errors compared to usual care. The effectiveness of individual interventions varied, suggesting a bundle approach may be more beneficial. This provides valuable insights for clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of tailored, evidence-based approaches to improving medication safety.

Reporting method: PRISMA guided the review and JBI critical appraisal tools were used for quality appraisal of included studies.