Adapting practices to accelerate the scientific description of invertebrate cryptic species.

Formally describing cryptic species is essential for conservation and protection purposes and to enable their use in environmental monitoring. The current scientific practice in many invertebrate groups requires assigning the original morphospecies name to a particular genetic lineage before formally describing the other lineages of the morphospecies and providing an exhaustive morphological characterization for each described lineage of the morphospecies. These practices considerably delay-and may even hinder-the scientific description of cryptic species. Furthermore, it may lead to confusion if the same name refers to both the entire morphospecies and a particular lineage. Here, we propose some recommendations to accelerate the description of cryptic species and avoid taxonomic confusion. They include assigning a new name to each lineage of the morphospecies without (necessarily) first obtaining DNA from the morphospecies holotype or paratype(s) or designating a neotype, providing a basic morphological diagnosis in the cryptic species descriptions, and systematically following the morphospecies names by 'sensu lato' or 'species group' when referring to the entire morphospecies and by 'sensu stricto' when referring to the original lineage. Our recommendations could contribute to rapidly increasing the proportion of scientifically described cryptic species and enhancing the consideration of cryptic species in ecological assessments and conservation/protection programmes.