Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Films for Drug Release of Levofloxacin and its Metal Complex

The synthesis and characterization of cellulose-based hydrogel films developed for the controlled release of levofloxacin and its metal complexes. The different ratios of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) effect the structural and functional properties of the films and drug delivery efficiency. A higher HPMC content led to denser networks with smaller pores due to its strong hydrogen bonding capability, while increasing the CMC content facilitated a slower and more sustained drug release. The optimal 30/70 HPMC/CMC ratio was identified as the best formulation, achieving a well-balanced combination of both burst and prolonged drug release phases. Incorporating metal ions as copper, nickel, and iron into levofloxacin complexes enhanced antibacterial activity and altered the release mechanism. The metal-levofloxacin complexes exhibited a biphasic release profile, characterized by an initial burst phase followed by sustained delivery. Swelling study at pH 7.4 and 2.4 showed greater swelling at the higher pH and influence drug release process. The films demonstrated strong stability across all formulations, ensuring consistent performance over time. Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) and kinetic modeling confirmed a zero-order release pattern with non-Fickian diffusion behavior, underscoring the potential for precise drug delivery control.