Testing the consistency of new Amati-correlated gamma-ray burst dataset cosmological constraints with those from better-established cosmological data

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are promising cosmological probes for exploring the Universe at intermediate redshifts (z). We analyze 151 Fermi-observed long GRBs (datasets A123 and A28) to simultaneously constrain the Amati correlation and cosmological parameters within six spatially flat and nonflat dark energy models. We find that these datasets are standardizable via a single Amati correlation, suggesting their potential for cosmological analyses. However, constraints on the current value of the nonrelativistic matter density parameter from A123 and the combined A123 + A28 data exhibit > 2σ tension with those derived from a joint analysis of better-established Hubble parameter [H(z)] and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data for most considered cosmological models. This tension indicates that these GRB data are unsuitable for jointly constraining cosmological parameters with better-established H(z) + BAO and similar data. Although the A28 data constraints are consistent with the H(z) + BAO data constraints, its limited sample size (28 GRBs) and high intrinsic scatter (∼0.7) diminishes its statistical power compared to existing datasets.