Job satisfaction among public health and primary care physicians: A systematic review.

Introduction: Job satisfaction among physicians involved in public health services including public health physicians and primary care physicians is critical for their performance, motivation, and retention. These professionals address systemic health challenges and ensure effective health promotion at the population level. Despite their significance, they face challenges such as high workloads, administrative burdens, and insufficient resources, adversely affecting their satisfaction. This systematic review aims to examine the levels and determinants of job satisfaction among physicians engaged in public health roles.

Materials and methods: This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024613843). Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Fourteen eligible studies were selected based on strict criteria. Data synthesis employed an emerging clusters approach to identify factors influencing job satisfaction, categorised into four themes: job characteristics and role clarity, organisational support and leadership, work environment and culture, and rewards and career development.

Results: Data from 7313 physicians highlighted high workloads (60%) and administrative burdens (53%) as key sources of dissatisfaction. Approximately 44.7% reported high satisfaction, driven by autonomy in decision-making, supportive environments, doctor-patient relationships, and work-life balance. In contrast, 32% experienced moderate satisfaction, linked to manageable administrative tasks and fair remuneration. However, 20% reported low satisfaction, primarily due to excessive workloads, poor leadership support, financial insecurity, and limited career progression opportunities.

Conclusion: Job satisfaction among physicians in public health roles is moderate through a combination of high and low satisfaction factors. These professionals face demanding environments requiring them to balance administrative responsibilities, staff issues, community satisfaction, and resource allocations. Enhancing job satisfaction is essential for improving workforce morale and achieving effective public health outcomes. Implementing targeted interventions to address these challenges can foster long-term workforce stability and organisational success.