{"title":"藿香精油通过激活Nrf2通路和抑制NF-κB通路减轻痤疮表皮杆菌诱导的炎症性痤疮。","authors":"Song-Xue Yang, Wei-Lie Xiao, Xing-Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2025.120647","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Ethnopharmacological relevance: </strong>The root of Saposhnikovia divaricata has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammation and immune related skin diseases, such as skin allergy and itchy rash. However, scientific research supporting its efficacy, particularly in curing inflammation from acne, is still scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of essential oil of Saposhnikovia divaricata (EOSD) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-induced acne and investigate its mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An acute acne model was established by injecting C. acnes into mouse ears, followed by topical EOSD treatment (0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1 %). Ear tissues were analyzed 24 h post-treatment. In vitro, C. acnes-stimulated J774A.1 macrophages were treated with EOSD (3, 10 and 30 μg/ml) to assess mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Key markers were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, real-time PCR, immunoblotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. Nrf2 knockdown was achieved via siRNA transfection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vivo, C. acnes suppressed Nrf2 activation, increased ROS levels, and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to inflammation. EOSD restored Nrf2 activity, reduced ROS levels, and inhibited NLRP3 activation. In vitro, EOSD disrupted Nrf2/Keap1 interaction, enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, reduced mitochondrial damage, and suppressed pyroptosis by downregulating IL-1β, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and NF-κB signaling. These effects were reversed by Nrf2 knockdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EOSD alleviates oxidative stress and modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through upregulating Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB pathway, as well as improving mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammatory responses in acne. These findings suggest that EOSD may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of acne vulgaris.</p>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"120647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Essential oil of Saposhnikovia divaricata mitigates Cutibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory acne via Nrf2 pathway activation and NF-κB pathway inhibition.\",\"authors\":\"Song-Xue Yang, Wei-Lie Xiao, Xing-Jie Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jep.2025.120647\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Ethnopharmacological relevance: </strong>The root of Saposhnikovia divaricata has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammation and immune related skin diseases, such as skin allergy and itchy rash. However, scientific research supporting its efficacy, particularly in curing inflammation from acne, is still scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of essential oil of Saposhnikovia divaricata (EOSD) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-induced acne and investigate its mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An acute acne model was established by injecting C. acnes into mouse ears, followed by topical EOSD treatment (0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1 %). Ear tissues were analyzed 24 h post-treatment. In vitro, C. acnes-stimulated J774A.1 macrophages were treated with EOSD (3, 10 and 30 μg/ml) to assess mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Key markers were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, real-time PCR, immunoblotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. Nrf2 knockdown was achieved via siRNA transfection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vivo, C. acnes suppressed Nrf2 activation, increased ROS levels, and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to inflammation. EOSD restored Nrf2 activity, reduced ROS levels, and inhibited NLRP3 activation. In vitro, EOSD disrupted Nrf2/Keap1 interaction, enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, reduced mitochondrial damage, and suppressed pyroptosis by downregulating IL-1β, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and NF-κB signaling. These effects were reversed by Nrf2 knockdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EOSD alleviates oxidative stress and modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through upregulating Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB pathway, as well as improving mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammatory responses in acne. These findings suggest that EOSD may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of acne vulgaris.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15761,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of ethnopharmacology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"120647\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of ethnopharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2025.120647\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2025.120647","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Essential oil of Saposhnikovia divaricata mitigates Cutibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory acne via Nrf2 pathway activation and NF-κB pathway inhibition.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The root of Saposhnikovia divaricata has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammation and immune related skin diseases, such as skin allergy and itchy rash. However, scientific research supporting its efficacy, particularly in curing inflammation from acne, is still scarce.
Aim of the study: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of essential oil of Saposhnikovia divaricata (EOSD) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-induced acne and investigate its mechanisms.
Materials and methods: An acute acne model was established by injecting C. acnes into mouse ears, followed by topical EOSD treatment (0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1 %). Ear tissues were analyzed 24 h post-treatment. In vitro, C. acnes-stimulated J774A.1 macrophages were treated with EOSD (3, 10 and 30 μg/ml) to assess mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Key markers were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, real-time PCR, immunoblotting, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. Nrf2 knockdown was achieved via siRNA transfection.
Results: In vivo, C. acnes suppressed Nrf2 activation, increased ROS levels, and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to inflammation. EOSD restored Nrf2 activity, reduced ROS levels, and inhibited NLRP3 activation. In vitro, EOSD disrupted Nrf2/Keap1 interaction, enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, reduced mitochondrial damage, and suppressed pyroptosis by downregulating IL-1β, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and NF-κB signaling. These effects were reversed by Nrf2 knockdown.
Conclusion: EOSD alleviates oxidative stress and modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation through upregulating Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB pathway, as well as improving mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammatory responses in acne. These findings suggest that EOSD may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Ethnopharmacology is dedicated to the exchange of information and understandings about people''s use of plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms and minerals and their biological and pharmacological effects based on the principles established through international conventions. Early people confronted with illness and disease, discovered a wealth of useful therapeutic agents in the plant and animal kingdoms. The empirical knowledge of these medicinal substances and their toxic potential was passed on by oral tradition and sometimes recorded in herbals and other texts on materia medica. Many valuable drugs of today (e.g., atropine, ephedrine, tubocurarine, digoxin, reserpine) came into use through the study of indigenous remedies. Chemists continue to use plant-derived drugs (e.g., morphine, taxol, physostigmine, quinidine, emetine) as prototypes in their attempts to develop more effective and less toxic medicinals.
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