Functional factors for precision nutrition interventions in starch-based delivery systems.

Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer pose significant global health challenges. Precision nutrition, which delivers specific functional factors to meet individual health needs, shows promise in managing these conditions. Starch-based delivery systems enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of these functional factors due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of starch-based delivery systems for precision nutrition. It examines the biological barriers to oral delivery and investigates how starch-based carriers, such as nanoparticles, microcapsules, and hydrogels, can be engineered to address these challenges. Additionally, the applications of starch-based targeted delivery systems for various functional factors are highlighted, and their potential in managing chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and cancer are discussed. Starch-based delivery systems improve the stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of functional factors. These systems can be customized for specific health conditions and personalized nutrition. This review highlights their importance in precision nutrition and offers an overview of the current and future trends in the field.