Integrated Framework for Sustainable Remediation of Soil Contamination in India: From Investigation to Implementation

Soil pollution continues to be a significant environmental problem that poses a danger to public health, the vitality of ecosystems, and worldwide economic growth. To tackle this problem, effective planning is required that covers the identification of pollutants, assessing the risks involved, setting targets for remediation, choosing suitable remediation technologies, and evaluating the results of the remediation process within a sustainable framework. This study introduces a comprehensive framework for the restoration of polluted soils, highlighting on systematic investigation, soil screening levels (SSLs), remediation techniques, and concepts of sustainability. The review begins by providing a comprehensive introduction to the typical origins and categories of soil pollutants. It next presents a systematic approach for conducting environmental site evaluations, which includes the use of sophisticated methods for identifying and measuring contaminants. The formulation of SSLs is essential for assessing the pollution level and establishing the limits for remedial action. An analysis of traditional and novel techniques for remediation, such as bioremediation, phytoremediation, thermal treatment, and chemical stabilization, offers valuable information on their suitability, effectiveness, and impact on the environment. The article emphasizes the significance of implementing a sustainable strategy to remediation by including environmental, economic, and social factors into the decision-making process. It highlights the need of adaptive management and continual improvement in accomplishing remediation goals. This study provides a comprehensive plan for effectively cleaning up contaminated soils in a way that is sustainable. It aims to improve environmental management practices by restoring soil health and protecting ecosystems from pollution.