R. P. Kokoulin, N. S. Barbashina, A. G. Bogdanov, V. S. Vorobev, E. A. Zadeba, V. V. Kindin, K. G. Kompaniets, A. Yu. Konovalova, K. I. Mannanova, A. A. Petrukhin, I. Yu. Troshin, S. S. Khokhlov, V. V. Shutenko, E. A. Yurina, I. I. Yashin
{"title":"接近地平线的大面积气簇的局部介子密度谱的天顶角依赖性","authors":"R. P. Kokoulin, N. S. Barbashina, A. G. Bogdanov, V. S. Vorobev, E. A. Zadeba, V. V. Kindin, K. G. Kompaniets, A. Yu. Konovalova, K. I. Mannanova, A. A. Petrukhin, I. Yu. Troshin, S. S. Khokhlov, V. V. Shutenko, E. A. Yurina, I. I. Yashin","doi":"10.1134/S1062873825711420","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integral local muon density spectra (LMDS) of (extensive air shower) EAS at large zenith angles were reconstructed on the basis of the DECOR experimental data on muon bundles detected in a long-term measurement series from May 3, 2012, to April 7, 2023. The results were obtained at two threshold muon density values of 0.015 and 0.068 particles/m<sup>2</sup>, which corresponded to the detection of bundles with a multiplicity of at least 3 and at least 5 muons in the detector. At zenith angles less than 80°, the zenith-angle dependence of LMDS is well described by a power function of the cosine of the zenith angle. However, with a further increase in the zenith angle, this dependence changes significantly, and at angles of 87°–88°, the measured values exceed the specified simple extrapolation by about an order of magnitude. This is due to the inapplicability of the flat atmosphere approximation at such angles. A simple equation was obtained that takes into account the curvature of the Earth’s atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":504,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","volume":"89 6","pages":"873 - 878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4800,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Zenith-Angle Dependence of Local Muon Density Spectra of Extensive Air Shower near the Horizon\",\"authors\":\"R. P. Kokoulin, N. S. Barbashina, A. G. Bogdanov, V. S. Vorobev, E. A. Zadeba, V. V. Kindin, K. G. Kompaniets, A. Yu. Konovalova, K. I. Mannanova, A. A. Petrukhin, I. Yu. Troshin, S. S. Khokhlov, V. V. Shutenko, E. A. Yurina, I. I. Yashin\",\"doi\":\"10.1134/S1062873825711420\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>The integral local muon density spectra (LMDS) of (extensive air shower) EAS at large zenith angles were reconstructed on the basis of the DECOR experimental data on muon bundles detected in a long-term measurement series from May 3, 2012, to April 7, 2023. The results were obtained at two threshold muon density values of 0.015 and 0.068 particles/m<sup>2</sup>, which corresponded to the detection of bundles with a multiplicity of at least 3 and at least 5 muons in the detector. At zenith angles less than 80°, the zenith-angle dependence of LMDS is well described by a power function of the cosine of the zenith angle. However, with a further increase in the zenith angle, this dependence changes significantly, and at angles of 87°–88°, the measured values exceed the specified simple extrapolation by about an order of magnitude. This is due to the inapplicability of the flat atmosphere approximation at such angles. A simple equation was obtained that takes into account the curvature of the Earth’s atmosphere.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":504,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics\",\"volume\":\"89 6\",\"pages\":\"873 - 878\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4800,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1062873825711420\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"Physics and Astronomy\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1062873825711420","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"Physics and Astronomy","Score":null,"Total":0}
Zenith-Angle Dependence of Local Muon Density Spectra of Extensive Air Shower near the Horizon
The integral local muon density spectra (LMDS) of (extensive air shower) EAS at large zenith angles were reconstructed on the basis of the DECOR experimental data on muon bundles detected in a long-term measurement series from May 3, 2012, to April 7, 2023. The results were obtained at two threshold muon density values of 0.015 and 0.068 particles/m2, which corresponded to the detection of bundles with a multiplicity of at least 3 and at least 5 muons in the detector. At zenith angles less than 80°, the zenith-angle dependence of LMDS is well described by a power function of the cosine of the zenith angle. However, with a further increase in the zenith angle, this dependence changes significantly, and at angles of 87°–88°, the measured values exceed the specified simple extrapolation by about an order of magnitude. This is due to the inapplicability of the flat atmosphere approximation at such angles. A simple equation was obtained that takes into account the curvature of the Earth’s atmosphere.
期刊介绍：
Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics is an international peer reviewed journal published with the participation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It presents full-text articles (regular, letters to the editor, reviews) with the most recent results in miscellaneous fields of physics and astronomy: nuclear physics, cosmic rays, condensed matter physics, plasma physics, optics and photonics, nanotechnologies, solar and astrophysics, physical applications in material sciences, life sciences, etc. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics focuses on the most relevant multidisciplinary topics in natural sciences, both fundamental and applied. Manuscripts can be submitted in Russian and English languages and are subject to peer review. Accepted articles are usually combined in thematic issues on certain topics according to the journal editorial policy. Authors featured in the journal represent renowned scientific laboratories and institutes from different countries, including large international collaborations. There are globally recognized researchers among the authors: Nobel laureates and recipients of other awards, and members of national academies of sciences and international scientific societies.
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