Comprehensive analysis of the temperature and velocity behaviours in a second-grade fluid flow in a porous medium

This study investigates the free convective flow of a second-grade incompressible viscous fluid through a vertical duct filled with a porous medium, driven by an oscillating pressure gradient parallel to the channel plates. The flow dynamics are influenced by periodic temperature changes on one of the plates and a significant temperature differential between the plates, which introduces a heat source into the system. Additionally, the effect of duct inclination on the convective flow is explored, as the inclination angle modifies buoyancy forces, thus impacting velocity and temperature profiles. The analysis provides insights into how key parameters, such as the heat source intensity, inclination angle and properties of the second-grade fluid, affect the temperature field, phase angles, velocity profiles and heat transfer rates. A comprehensive visual representation illustrates the effects of amplitude of these factors on the thermal and flow characteristics, highlighting the complex interactions between fluid elasticity, porous media resistance and thermal gradients.