Dynamics of Hydrogen Ion-Acoustic, Periodic, and Superperiodic Waves in Magnetized Cometary Plasma Comprising Oxygen Ions and Superthermal Electrons

The modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation was developed using the reductive perturbation method for ion-acoustic waves in a magnetized cometary plasma. The system includes hydrogen fluid ions as well as positively and negatively charged oxygen ions, kappa-described hot sun electrons, and somewhat colder cometary electrons. Depending on the system’s properties, we investigated the bifurcation analysis. All possible phase images are presented, including periodic, homoclinic, and superperiodic trajectories. The presence of rarefactive and compressive solitary waves is shown. Furthermore, the plasma system under consideration may support both nonlinear and supernonlinear periodic waves. It has been revealed that the nonextensivity of ions significantly modifies the characteristics and influences wave bifurcation. The amplitudes of the solitary waves appear to be strongly related to the presence of water molecules in cometary plasma, and they are also accompanied by photoionization processes.