Integrating Microstructure and Mechanics: An analysis of Multiscale Computational Models in Arterial Disease

This paper explores advancements in multiscale computational models for understanding arterial mechanics and diseases. Arteries, as dynamic structures, must adapt to constant blood flow and pressure, with their layered composition playing a crucial role in maintaining functionality. Recent research highlights the importance of both macroscopic properties and microstructural elements, such as collagen fibers, elastin, smooth muscle cells, and the extracellular matrix. Multiscale modeling bridges these scales, providing insights into how microstructural changes influence arterial behavior under various conditions, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aneurysms. This paper emphasizes the utility of these models in simulating arterial conditions, predicting disease progression, and designing medical devices. Key challenges, such as computational complexity, biological integration, and the need for advanced imaging, are addressed alongside suggestions for future directions, including real-time simulations and nanoscale modeling. By combining biological and mechanical perspectives, multiscale approaches offer a comprehensive framework for advancing both scientific understanding and clinical applications in arterial health.