K. S. Votolin, S. I. Zherebtsov, K. M. Shpakodraev
{"title":"未氧化和氧化煤中腐植酸和黄腐酸的光谱分析","authors":"K. S. Votolin, S. I. Zherebtsov, K. M. Shpakodraev","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X25600332","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spectral analysis is employed to compare oxidized and unoxidized coal samples and the humic acids and fulvic acids derived from them. Differences between naturally oxidized and unoxidized coal samples include increased yield of volatiles and humic materials; higher content of analytical moisture, ash. and moisture, and higher total content of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (O + N + S); but lower carbon content. The greatest yield of humic materials is observed for oxidized 1B and 2B lignite (70.5%, consisting of 60.9% humic acids and 9.6% fulvic acids). The yield of humic materials is also high for oxidized long-flame D coal (42.4%, consisting of 34.8% humic acids and 7.6% fulvic acids). The yield of humic materials from G coal is minimal: no more than 0.7%. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and CP/MAS <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the structural group composition of the humic acids is largely determined by the composition of the initial coal. The content of aromatic structure <i>f</i><sub>ar</sub> and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance <i>f</i><sub>h/h</sub> calculated from the <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra for the coal samples and humic acids are directly related (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.71 and <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.81, respectively). The structural group composition of the fulvic acids is largely unaffected by the composition of the initial coal and is more uniform. Overall, <i>f</i><sub>h/h</sub> is higher for oxidized coal than for the corresponding unoxidized coal. The humic acids have a larger content of carbon and aromatic fragments. The fulvic acids have a larger content of oxygen-bearing aliphatic groups. The elemental composition and structural group composition of the humic and fulvic acids from oxidized G and D coal samples are comparable with those for the lignite samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"68 3","pages":"185 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Spectral Analysis of Humic and Fulvic Acids from Unoxidized and Oxidized Coal\",\"authors\":\"K. S. Votolin, S. I. Zherebtsov, K. M. Shpakodraev\",\"doi\":\"10.3103/S1068364X25600332\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Spectral analysis is employed to compare oxidized and unoxidized coal samples and the humic acids and fulvic acids derived from them. Differences between naturally oxidized and unoxidized coal samples include increased yield of volatiles and humic materials; higher content of analytical moisture, ash. and moisture, and higher total content of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (O + N + S); but lower carbon content. The greatest yield of humic materials is observed for oxidized 1B and 2B lignite (70.5%, consisting of 60.9% humic acids and 9.6% fulvic acids). The yield of humic materials is also high for oxidized long-flame D coal (42.4%, consisting of 34.8% humic acids and 7.6% fulvic acids). The yield of humic materials from G coal is minimal: no more than 0.7%. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and CP/MAS <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the structural group composition of the humic acids is largely determined by the composition of the initial coal. The content of aromatic structure <i>f</i><sub>ar</sub> and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance <i>f</i><sub>h/h</sub> calculated from the <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra for the coal samples and humic acids are directly related (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.71 and <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.81, respectively). The structural group composition of the fulvic acids is largely unaffected by the composition of the initial coal and is more uniform. Overall, <i>f</i><sub>h/h</sub> is higher for oxidized coal than for the corresponding unoxidized coal. The humic acids have a larger content of carbon and aromatic fragments. The fulvic acids have a larger content of oxygen-bearing aliphatic groups. The elemental composition and structural group composition of the humic and fulvic acids from oxidized G and D coal samples are comparable with those for the lignite samples.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":519,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Coke and Chemistry\",\"volume\":\"68 3\",\"pages\":\"185 - 196\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Coke and Chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S1068364X25600332\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Coke and Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S1068364X25600332","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Spectral Analysis of Humic and Fulvic Acids from Unoxidized and Oxidized Coal
Spectral analysis is employed to compare oxidized and unoxidized coal samples and the humic acids and fulvic acids derived from them. Differences between naturally oxidized and unoxidized coal samples include increased yield of volatiles and humic materials; higher content of analytical moisture, ash. and moisture, and higher total content of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (O + N + S); but lower carbon content. The greatest yield of humic materials is observed for oxidized 1B and 2B lignite (70.5%, consisting of 60.9% humic acids and 9.6% fulvic acids). The yield of humic materials is also high for oxidized long-flame D coal (42.4%, consisting of 34.8% humic acids and 7.6% fulvic acids). The yield of humic materials from G coal is minimal: no more than 0.7%. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and CP/MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the structural group composition of the humic acids is largely determined by the composition of the initial coal. The content of aromatic structure far and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance fh/h calculated from the 13C NMR spectra for the coal samples and humic acids are directly related (R2 = 0.71 and R2 = 0.81, respectively). The structural group composition of the fulvic acids is largely unaffected by the composition of the initial coal and is more uniform. Overall, fh/h is higher for oxidized coal than for the corresponding unoxidized coal. The humic acids have a larger content of carbon and aromatic fragments. The fulvic acids have a larger content of oxygen-bearing aliphatic groups. The elemental composition and structural group composition of the humic and fulvic acids from oxidized G and D coal samples are comparable with those for the lignite samples.
期刊介绍:
The journal publishes scientific developments and applications in the field of coal beneficiation and preparation for coking, coking processes, design of coking ovens and equipment, by-product recovery, automation of technological processes, ecology and economics. It also presents indispensable information on the scientific events devoted to thermal rectification, use of smokeless coal as an energy source, and manufacture of different liquid and solid chemical products.