Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Fly Ash-Based Mineral Polymers

The synthesis of mineral polymer materials from fly ash offers a sustainable utilization strategy. This study employed a sol−gel method to prepare silica-alumina precursors, investigating the effects of synthesis parameters such as silicon and aluminum sources, temperature, Si/Al ratio, and ethanol dosage. Structural and physicochemical properties were analyzed using XRD, SEM, TG, and IR spectroscopy. Optimal conditions were identified at a Si/Al ratio of 10 : 1, a synthesis temperature of 60°C, and calcination at 750°C for 3 h, achieving a maximum synthesis efficiency of 81.33%. XRD confirmed an amorphous phase with a grid-like structure, while IR analysis revealed Si–O–Si bonding and characteristic absorption peaks at 806 and 1395 cm^–1, indicating incomplete reactions. SEM imaging showed uniform, fine particles. These findings enhance the understanding of silica-alumina precursor synthesis, providing insights for their application in advanced materials.