Controlled synthesis and magnetic properties of BiFeO3 nanoparticles using sucrose

BiFeO₃ nanoparticles are synthesized via the co-precipitation method using sucrose as an agent to control particle size. The synthesis predominantly results in single-phase BiFeO₃ with rhombohedral symmetry (space group $R3c$), leading to a reduction in particle size from 50 to 25 nm with increasing sucrose concentration. Thermal analysis, performed via thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, confirms the formation of a stable phase and provides insights into the crystallization dynamics. Magnetization measurements indicate superparamagnetic behavior dependent on particle size, while Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms high purity and minimal secondary phases. The observed magnetization values are lower than theoretically predicted, suggesting that the magnetic moments of Fe³⁺ ions may be canted due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.