E. León-Gutierrez , R. López Heredero , C. Rodriguez , M.C. Torquemada , R. García-López , J.M. Fernandez Marin , C.L. Barber Daza , C. Pastor , M. Medrano , R. Vila , J.J. Piqueras , F. Le Guern , A. Pereira
{"title":"用于ITER广角观测系统(WAVS)诊断的全尺寸镀铑第一反射镜的光学特性","authors":"E. León-Gutierrez , R. López Heredero , C. Rodriguez , M.C. Torquemada , R. García-López , J.M. Fernandez Marin , C.L. Barber Daza , C. Pastor , M. Medrano , R. Vila , J.J. Piqueras , F. Le Guern , A. Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115463","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several first mirrors are located at the front of the equatorial visible and infrared Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) diagnostic in ITER. Optical characterization of a full-scale WAVS spherical first mirror prototype, manufactured from stainless steel (SS316L) and coated were conducted. Optical reflectance in the visible range (400–1100 nm) and wavefront error were measured. An ad-hoc experimental setup was specifically developed to enable accurate reflectance measurements of large and curved mirrors. The measured wavefront error was Peak to Valley (PV) of 1.695 times the wavelength (λ) and a Root Mean Square (RMS) of 125.3 nm met the specified tolerances, and reflectance inhomogeneity across the aperture was below 10%. To assess coating stability, the mirror was subjected to three thermal cycles between 100 °C and 240 °C under high vacuum (10⁻<sup>9</sup> MPa). Optical reflectance measurements performed before and after thermal cycling showed no significant changes, confirming the thermomechanical stability of the rhodium coating. These results validate both the manufacturing process and the coating performance, demonstrating the suitability of this mirror design for the demanding operational conditions of ITER’s WAVS diagnostic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55133,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Engineering and Design","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 115463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Optical characterization of a full scale rhodium coated first mirror for ITER Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) diagnostic\",\"authors\":\"E. León-Gutierrez , R. López Heredero , C. Rodriguez , M.C. Torquemada , R. García-López , J.M. Fernandez Marin , C.L. Barber Daza , C. Pastor , M. Medrano , R. Vila , J.J. Piqueras , F. Le Guern , A. Pereira\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115463\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Several first mirrors are located at the front of the equatorial visible and infrared Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) diagnostic in ITER. Optical characterization of a full-scale WAVS spherical first mirror prototype, manufactured from stainless steel (SS316L) and coated were conducted. Optical reflectance in the visible range (400–1100 nm) and wavefront error were measured. An ad-hoc experimental setup was specifically developed to enable accurate reflectance measurements of large and curved mirrors. The measured wavefront error was Peak to Valley (PV) of 1.695 times the wavelength (λ) and a Root Mean Square (RMS) of 125.3 nm met the specified tolerances, and reflectance inhomogeneity across the aperture was below 10%. To assess coating stability, the mirror was subjected to three thermal cycles between 100 °C and 240 °C under high vacuum (10⁻<sup>9</sup> MPa). Optical reflectance measurements performed before and after thermal cycling showed no significant changes, confirming the thermomechanical stability of the rhodium coating. These results validate both the manufacturing process and the coating performance, demonstrating the suitability of this mirror design for the demanding operational conditions of ITER’s WAVS diagnostic system.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55133,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Fusion Engineering and Design\",\"volume\":\"222 \",\"pages\":\"Article 115463\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Fusion Engineering and Design\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379625006593\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Fusion Engineering and Design","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379625006593","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical characterization of a full scale rhodium coated first mirror for ITER Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) diagnostic
Several first mirrors are located at the front of the equatorial visible and infrared Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) diagnostic in ITER. Optical characterization of a full-scale WAVS spherical first mirror prototype, manufactured from stainless steel (SS316L) and coated were conducted. Optical reflectance in the visible range (400–1100 nm) and wavefront error were measured. An ad-hoc experimental setup was specifically developed to enable accurate reflectance measurements of large and curved mirrors. The measured wavefront error was Peak to Valley (PV) of 1.695 times the wavelength (λ) and a Root Mean Square (RMS) of 125.3 nm met the specified tolerances, and reflectance inhomogeneity across the aperture was below 10%. To assess coating stability, the mirror was subjected to three thermal cycles between 100 °C and 240 °C under high vacuum (10⁻9 MPa). Optical reflectance measurements performed before and after thermal cycling showed no significant changes, confirming the thermomechanical stability of the rhodium coating. These results validate both the manufacturing process and the coating performance, demonstrating the suitability of this mirror design for the demanding operational conditions of ITER’s WAVS diagnostic system.
期刊介绍:
The journal accepts papers about experiments (both plasma and technology), theory, models, methods, and designs in areas relating to technology, engineering, and applied science aspects of magnetic and inertial fusion energy. Specific areas of interest include: MFE and IFE design studies for experiments and reactors; fusion nuclear technologies and materials, including blankets and shields; analysis of reactor plasmas; plasma heating, fuelling, and vacuum systems; drivers, targets, and special technologies for IFE, controls and diagnostics; fuel cycle analysis and tritium reprocessing and handling; operations and remote maintenance of reactors; safety, decommissioning, and waste management; economic and environmental analysis of components and systems.