ti增强Zr-Si-B-C陶瓷抗烧蚀性的机理，实现降低烧蚀率和长期耐用性

IF 5.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Aerospace Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI:10.1016/j.ast.2025.110973

Xinhao Chen , Jinping Li , Tongxiang Deng , Songhe Meng , Guolin Wang

{"title":"ti增强Zr-Si-B-C陶瓷抗烧蚀性的机理，实现降低烧蚀率和长期耐用性","authors":"Xinhao Chen , Jinping Li , Tongxiang Deng , Songhe Meng , Guolin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ast.2025.110973","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During atmospheric re-entry, thermal protection systems (TPS) are subjected to prolonged oxygen-rich, high-temperature exposure and complex thermo-mechanical loads. Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) stand out due to their high melting points, oxidation resistance and structural stability. Among them, multiphase Ti-containing ceramics exhibit superior ablation resistance above 2000 °C compared to conventional UHTCs. However, the underlying mechanism by which Ti enhances ablation performance is still obscure. In this work, Zr-Si-Ti-B-C multiphase UHTCs with varying Ti contents were fabricated via spark plasma sintering and evaluated under dissociated oxygen at a heat flux of 3.5 MW·m<sup>−2</sup> in a high-frequency plasma wind tunnel. Ti addition significantly improved ablation resistance, as confirmed by thermodynamic analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Ti incorporation refined the oxide solid-solution grains and promoted the formation of a columnar (Zr,Ti)O<sub>2</sub> gradient structure, featuring interwoven microporous channels filled with SiO<sub>2</sub>, and a Ti-rich dense band formed near the substrate. This architecture established a robust “solid skeleton–liquid filler” composite barrier that markedly enhanced structural integrity. Furthermore, active oxidation of the underlying SiC generated SiO gas that diffused through the microporous channels and reoxidized to SiO<sub>2</sub> in regions of higher oxygen partial pressure, filling pores and acting as an effective oxygen barrier. This self-reinforcing cycle further promoted the active oxidation of the underlying SiC, continuously supplying SiO to the channels and providing long-term protection. The optimized Ti-doped ceramic exhibited a 34.5 % reduction in linear ablation rate compared with the undoped counterpart, highlighting the nonlinear synergistic mechanism of Ti addition and providing new insights for next-generation TPS design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50955,"journal":{"name":"Aerospace Science and Technology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110973"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Mechanisms of the Ti-enhanced ablation resistance in a Zr-Si-B-C ceramic achieving the reduced ablation rate and long-term durability\",\"authors\":\"Xinhao Chen , Jinping Li , Tongxiang Deng , Songhe Meng , Guolin Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ast.2025.110973\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>During atmospheric re-entry, thermal protection systems (TPS) are subjected to prolonged oxygen-rich, high-temperature exposure and complex thermo-mechanical loads. Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) stand out due to their high melting points, oxidation resistance and structural stability. Among them, multiphase Ti-containing ceramics exhibit superior ablation resistance above 2000 °C compared to conventional UHTCs. However, the underlying mechanism by which Ti enhances ablation performance is still obscure. In this work, Zr-Si-Ti-B-C multiphase UHTCs with varying Ti contents were fabricated via spark plasma sintering and evaluated under dissociated oxygen at a heat flux of 3.5 MW·m<sup>−2</sup> in a high-frequency plasma wind tunnel. Ti addition significantly improved ablation resistance, as confirmed by thermodynamic analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Ti incorporation refined the oxide solid-solution grains and promoted the formation of a columnar (Zr,Ti)O<sub>2</sub> gradient structure, featuring interwoven microporous channels filled with SiO<sub>2</sub>, and a Ti-rich dense band formed near the substrate. This architecture established a robust “solid skeleton–liquid filler” composite barrier that markedly enhanced structural integrity. Furthermore, active oxidation of the underlying SiC generated SiO gas that diffused through the microporous channels and reoxidized to SiO<sub>2</sub> in regions of higher oxygen partial pressure, filling pores and acting as an effective oxygen barrier. This self-reinforcing cycle further promoted the active oxidation of the underlying SiC, continuously supplying SiO to the channels and providing long-term protection. The optimized Ti-doped ceramic exhibited a 34.5 % reduction in linear ablation rate compared with the undoped counterpart, highlighting the nonlinear synergistic mechanism of Ti addition and providing new insights for next-generation TPS design.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50955,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Aerospace Science and Technology\",\"volume\":\"168 \",\"pages\":\"Article 110973\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Aerospace Science and Technology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1270963825010363\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aerospace Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1270963825010363","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

摘要

在大气层再入过程中，热保护系统（TPS）要经受长时间的富氧、高温暴露和复杂的热机械载荷。超高温陶瓷（UHTCs）因其高熔点、抗氧化性和结构稳定性而脱颖而出。其中，多相含钛陶瓷在2000℃以上的抗烧蚀性能优于常规超高温超导材料。然而，钛增强烧蚀性能的潜在机制仍然不清楚。本文采用火花等离子烧结技术制备了不同Ti含量的Zr-Si-Ti-B-C多相超高温超导材料，并在高频等离子体风洞中以3.5 MW·m−2的热流通量对其进行了评价。热力学分析表明，Ti的加入显著提高了材料的抗烧蚀性能。Ti的掺入细化了氧化物固溶晶粒，促进了柱状（Zr,Ti）O2梯度结构的形成，形成了相互交织的微孔通道，填充了SiO2，在衬底附近形成了富Ti的致密带。这种结构建立了一个坚固的“固体骨架-液体填料”复合屏障，显著提高了结构的完整性。此外，下伏碳化硅的活性氧化产生的SiO气体通过微孔通道扩散，并在较高的氧分压区域再氧化为SiO2，填充孔隙并起到有效的氧屏障作用。这种自我强化循环进一步促进了底层SiC的活性氧化，持续向通道提供SiO并提供长期保护。优化后的掺钛陶瓷与未掺钛陶瓷相比，线性烧蚀率降低34.5%，突出了掺钛的非线性协同机制，为下一代TPS设计提供了新的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

查看原文本刊更多论文

Mechanisms of the Ti-enhanced ablation resistance in a Zr-Si-B-C ceramic achieving the reduced ablation rate and long-term durability

During atmospheric re-entry, thermal protection systems (TPS) are subjected to prolonged oxygen-rich, high-temperature exposure and complex thermo-mechanical loads. Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) stand out due to their high melting points, oxidation resistance and structural stability. Among them, multiphase Ti-containing ceramics exhibit superior ablation resistance above 2000 °C compared to conventional UHTCs. However, the underlying mechanism by which Ti enhances ablation performance is still obscure. In this work, Zr-Si-Ti-B-C multiphase UHTCs with varying Ti contents were fabricated via spark plasma sintering and evaluated under dissociated oxygen at a heat flux of 3.5 MW·m⁻² in a high-frequency plasma wind tunnel. Ti addition significantly improved ablation resistance, as confirmed by thermodynamic analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Ti incorporation refined the oxide solid-solution grains and promoted the formation of a columnar (Zr,Ti)O₂ gradient structure, featuring interwoven microporous channels filled with SiO₂, and a Ti-rich dense band formed near the substrate. This architecture established a robust “solid skeleton–liquid filler” composite barrier that markedly enhanced structural integrity. Furthermore, active oxidation of the underlying SiC generated SiO gas that diffused through the microporous channels and reoxidized to SiO₂ in regions of higher oxygen partial pressure, filling pores and acting as an effective oxygen barrier. This self-reinforcing cycle further promoted the active oxidation of the underlying SiC, continuously supplying SiO to the channels and providing long-term protection. The optimized Ti-doped ceramic exhibited a 34.5 % reduction in linear ablation rate compared with the undoped counterpart, highlighting the nonlinear synergistic mechanism of Ti addition and providing new insights for next-generation TPS design.

求助全文

通过发布文献求助，成功后即可免费获取论文全文。去求助

来源期刊

Aerospace Science and Technology 工程技术-工程：宇航

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

28.60%

发文量

654

审稿时长

54 days

期刊介绍： Aerospace Science and Technology publishes articles of outstanding scientific quality. Each article is reviewed by two referees. The journal welcomes papers from a wide range of countries. This journal publishes original papers, review articles and short communications related to all fields of aerospace research, fundamental and applied, potential applications of which are clearly related to: • The design and the manufacture of aircraft, helicopters, missiles, launchers and satellites • The control of their environment • The study of various systems they are involved in, as supports or as targets. Authors are invited to submit papers on new advances in the following topics to aerospace applications: • Fluid dynamics • Energetics and propulsion • Materials and structures • Flight mechanics • Navigation, guidance and control • Acoustics • Optics • Electromagnetism and radar • Signal and image processing • Information processing • Data fusion • Decision aid • Human behaviour • Robotics and intelligent systems • Complex system engineering. Etc.