Impact of Tongue Piercings on Oral Health: A Narrative Literature Review.

Background: Tongue piercing has gained popularity among teenagers and young adults as a form of self-expression, cultural identity, and fashion. However, patients are often unaware of the harmful effects tongue piercings can have on their oral health. Despite its popularity, this form of body modification carries considerable risk, particularly when performed or maintained without proper care. This review summarizes findings from clinical case reports, observational studies, and previous literature reviews, with a focus on the clinical outcomes of tongue piercings and their appropriate management.

Methods: An internet-based literature review was conducted to evaluate the short- and long-term oral health implications of tongue piercings. Only articles published between January 1990 and April 2025 were included. The databases searched were PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords such as "tongue piercing," "oral piercing," "oral complications," and "dental trauma."

Results: The literature revealed that tongue piercings can lead to numerous adverse effects on oral health, including dental fractures, gingival recession, enamel wear, and localized tissue overgrowth, in addition to localized and systemic infections. The presence of foreign objects in the oral cavity, combined with poor oral hygiene, habitual trauma, and long-term contact with oral tissues, often worsens these complications.

Conclusions: The results of this literature review suggest that tongue piercings pose significant and often underestimated risks to oral health. Clinicians should remain vigilant, educate patients on potential complications, and be well-equipped to prevent, monitor, and manage associated dental problems effectively in clinical practice.