破解GFAP的结构生物学:其在外伤性脑损伤和AD诊断中的潜力的内涵。

IF 3 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Sri Harsha Kanuri, Prapthi Jayesh Sirrkay
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在阿尔茨海默病中,大脑边缘和皮质区域中Aβ和tau聚集物的积累形成了记忆丧失和认知异常发病的病理基础。由这些有毒物质堆积造成的神经元亵渎将唤醒先天免疫防御机制的发作,包括神经元环境中的星形胶质细胞增生。星形胶质细胞增生的一个潜在后果是GFAP的过量产生和溢出到脑循环中。GFAP重要生理功能的执行取决于其丝状结构的保存以及细胞骨架的相互作用。任何阻碍GFAP结构完整性的异常都会导致纤维断裂、细胞质聚集和溶解度降低,从而产生有害的后果。GFAP作为血液中可靠的生物标志物的效力也取决于其导航淋巴排泄途径并溢出到体循环的能力。最近的报道表明,GFAP是一种可靠的标志物,预示着创伤性脑损伤(TBI)和AD的细微疾病变化。然而,病理异常,如结构完整性异常、卵裂、排水通路受损和替代同种异构体,将降低其效力,并阻碍其成为神经疾病的成熟和稳定的生物标志物的能力。了解GFAP生物学,包括影响其结构完整性和排泄途径的因素,将是至关重要的,本综述以简洁的方式强调了这些部分。深入了解GFAP生物学是发掘其作为预测TBI和AD发病和进展的强大标志物的潜力的主要步骤。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Deciphering the Structural Biology of GFAP: Connotations of Its Potency in Presaging the Diagnosis for Traumatic Brain Injury and AD.

In Alzheimer's disease, accumulation of Aβ and tau aggregates in the limbic and cortical regions of the brain forms the pathological basis for the onset of memory loss and cognitive abnormalities. The neuronal desecration inflicted by these toxic pile-ups will rouse the onset of innate immune defense mechanisms including astrogliosis within the neuronal milieu. A potential ramification of astrogliosis is the overproduction and spillage of GFAP into the brain circulation. Execution of GFAP vital physiological functions rests upon the preservation of its filamentous structure as well as its cytoskeletal interactions. Any anomaly that hampers the structural integrity of GFAP will engender filament disassembly, cytoplasmic aggregation, and decreased solubility with the resultant deleterious consequences. The potency of GFAP as a reliable biomarker in the blood also rests on its ability to navigate the glymphatic excretory pathways and spill into the systemic circulation. Recent reports have suggested GFAP is a dependable marker for auguring subtle disease changes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and AD. However, pathological anomalies such abnormal structural integrity, cleavage, impaired drainage pathways, and alternative isoforms will lessen its potency and thwarts its ability from becoming a full-fledged and stable biomarker for neurological diseases. Understanding the GFAP biology, including factors that influence its structural integrity and excretory pathways, will be crucial and this review underscores these sections in a succinct manner. Thorough comprehension of GFAP biology is the principal step in unearthing its potential as a powerful marker for auguring disease initiation, and progression in TBI and AD.

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来源期刊
Neurology International
Neurology International CLINICAL NEUROLOGY-
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
69
审稿时长
11 weeks
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