Jihad Mallat, Mathieu Jozwiak, Nicolás Orozco, Olfa Hamzaoui, Xavier Monnet, Jean-Louis Teboul, Daniel De Backer, Gustavo A Ospina-Tascón
{"title":"危重病人二氧化碳衍生变量的使用。","authors":"Jihad Mallat, Mathieu Jozwiak, Nicolás Orozco, Olfa Hamzaoui, Xavier Monnet, Jean-Louis Teboul, Daniel De Backer, Gustavo A Ospina-Tascón","doi":"10.1186/s13613-025-01569-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fundamental objective of hemodynamic resuscitation is to reverse tissue hypoperfusion and prevent progression to multiorgan failure and death. Conventional tools such as clinical examination, lactate levels, and central or mixed venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂ and SvO₂, respectively) have intrinsic limitations. These drawbacks can be mitigated by incorporating additional markers of tissue hypoperfusion and altered tissue metabolism, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂)-derived variables, into other multimodal macro and micro hemodynamic monitoring. Specifically, the mixed or central venous-to-arterial difference in partial pressure of CO₂ (Pv-aCO₂ or Pcv-aCO₂) reflects the adequacy of blood flow to transport CO₂ from peripheral tissues to the lungs for its elimination. Consequently, Pv-aCO<sub>2</sub> serves as a reliable marker for assessing the adequacy of blood flow relative to CO₂ production. Importantly, unlike SvO₂ and ScvO₂, Pv-aCO₂ remains informative even when oxygen extraction is impaired, as commonly occurs in septic conditions. However, Pv-aCO₂ and Pcv-aCO₂ in isolation are not direct markers of anaerobic metabolism, as these can also be influenced by oxygen consumption rates. Conversely, the ratio between Pv-aCO₂ (or Pcv-aCO₂) and the arteriovenous oxygen content difference may provide a more reliable indication of ongoing anaerobic metabolism. This review discusses the physiological foundations, prognostic significance, clinical implications, and potential applications of CO₂-derived parameters in patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7966,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Intensive Care","volume":"15 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12463780/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Use of CO<sub>2</sub>-derived variables in critically ill patients.\",\"authors\":\"Jihad Mallat, Mathieu Jozwiak, Nicolás Orozco, Olfa Hamzaoui, Xavier Monnet, Jean-Louis Teboul, Daniel De Backer, Gustavo A Ospina-Tascón\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s13613-025-01569-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>A fundamental objective of hemodynamic resuscitation is to reverse tissue hypoperfusion and prevent progression to multiorgan failure and death. Conventional tools such as clinical examination, lactate levels, and central or mixed venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂ and SvO₂, respectively) have intrinsic limitations. These drawbacks can be mitigated by incorporating additional markers of tissue hypoperfusion and altered tissue metabolism, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂)-derived variables, into other multimodal macro and micro hemodynamic monitoring. Specifically, the mixed or central venous-to-arterial difference in partial pressure of CO₂ (Pv-aCO₂ or Pcv-aCO₂) reflects the adequacy of blood flow to transport CO₂ from peripheral tissues to the lungs for its elimination. Consequently, Pv-aCO<sub>2</sub> serves as a reliable marker for assessing the adequacy of blood flow relative to CO₂ production. Importantly, unlike SvO₂ and ScvO₂, Pv-aCO₂ remains informative even when oxygen extraction is impaired, as commonly occurs in septic conditions. However, Pv-aCO₂ and Pcv-aCO₂ in isolation are not direct markers of anaerobic metabolism, as these can also be influenced by oxygen consumption rates. Conversely, the ratio between Pv-aCO₂ (or Pcv-aCO₂) and the arteriovenous oxygen content difference may provide a more reliable indication of ongoing anaerobic metabolism. This review discusses the physiological foundations, prognostic significance, clinical implications, and potential applications of CO₂-derived parameters in patient management.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7966,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annals of Intensive Care\",\"volume\":\"15 1\",\"pages\":\"142\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12463780/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annals of Intensive Care\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01569-2\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Intensive Care","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-025-01569-2","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Use of CO2-derived variables in critically ill patients.
A fundamental objective of hemodynamic resuscitation is to reverse tissue hypoperfusion and prevent progression to multiorgan failure and death. Conventional tools such as clinical examination, lactate levels, and central or mixed venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂ and SvO₂, respectively) have intrinsic limitations. These drawbacks can be mitigated by incorporating additional markers of tissue hypoperfusion and altered tissue metabolism, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂)-derived variables, into other multimodal macro and micro hemodynamic monitoring. Specifically, the mixed or central venous-to-arterial difference in partial pressure of CO₂ (Pv-aCO₂ or Pcv-aCO₂) reflects the adequacy of blood flow to transport CO₂ from peripheral tissues to the lungs for its elimination. Consequently, Pv-aCO2 serves as a reliable marker for assessing the adequacy of blood flow relative to CO₂ production. Importantly, unlike SvO₂ and ScvO₂, Pv-aCO₂ remains informative even when oxygen extraction is impaired, as commonly occurs in septic conditions. However, Pv-aCO₂ and Pcv-aCO₂ in isolation are not direct markers of anaerobic metabolism, as these can also be influenced by oxygen consumption rates. Conversely, the ratio between Pv-aCO₂ (or Pcv-aCO₂) and the arteriovenous oxygen content difference may provide a more reliable indication of ongoing anaerobic metabolism. This review discusses the physiological foundations, prognostic significance, clinical implications, and potential applications of CO₂-derived parameters in patient management.
期刊介绍:
Annals of Intensive Care is an online peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality review articles and original research papers in the field of intensive care medicine. It targets critical care providers including attending physicians, fellows, residents, nurses, and physiotherapists, who aim to enhance their knowledge and provide optimal care for their patients. The journal's articles are included in various prestigious databases such as CAS, Current contents, DOAJ, Embase, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, OCLC, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOPUS, and Summon by Serial Solutions.