Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Carboxylic Acid in Biological Systems
As a replacement for phased-out perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer carboxylic acid (HFPO-TA) exhibits environmental persistence and multisystem toxicity, affecting reproductive, hepatic, neurological and endocrine functions. Despite its industrial adoption, emerging studies reveal bioaccumulation risks and mechanistic toxicity through oxidative stress, metabolic disruption and inflammation. This review synthesizes evidence of HFPO-TA's health impacts, highlighting unresolved female reproductive toxicity and dose–response relationships.
期刊介绍:
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology is an independent journal, publishing original scientific research in all fields of toxicology, basic and clinical pharmacology. This includes experimental animal pharmacology and toxicology and molecular (-genetic), biochemical and cellular pharmacology and toxicology. It also includes all aspects of clinical pharmacology: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug/drug interactions, pharmacogenetics/-genomics, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics, randomized controlled clinical trials and rational pharmacotherapy. For all compounds used in the studies, the chemical constitution and composition should be known, also for natural compounds.