Application of 3D Imaging in Biomedical Research

Three-dimensional microscopy (3D microscopy) has become an important tool in cellular analysis and biomedical research, providing unique opportunities to visualize and study complex biological structures. The capabilities of different types of microscopy in studying cellular structures and macromolecular complexes span a wide range of scales, from investigating cell behavior and function in physiological environments to understanding the molecular architecture of organelles. At each scale, the challenge of 3D imaging is to extract the highest possible spatial resolution while minimizing damage to living cells. This review highlights the various applications of 3D microscopy, including studying cancer, viruses, bacteria, and organ and implant microstructure analysis. In the context of oncology, 3D imaging allows detailed investigation of cellular interactions, tumor microenvironment, and tumor heterogeneity, which contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of metastasis and resistance to therapy. In virology, 3D methods help to reveal the structure of viruses and their interactions with cellular components, which is of key importance for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Studying bacteria using 3D microscopy opens up new horizons in understanding colony formation, biodiversity, and pathogenicity. In addition, analyzing the microstructures of organs and implants using 3D technologies improves the quality and safety of medical devices. Finally, integrating 3D microscopy into the drug development process allows for more accurate assessment of the efficacy and toxicity of new compounds at the cellular level. Thus, 3D microscopy is a powerful tool for in-depth study of biological processes and the development of innovative solutions in medicine.