{"title":"广义贝尔状态集的局部酉分类 \\(\\mathbb{C}^{d}\\otimes \\mathbb{C}^{d}\\)","authors":"Cai-Hong Wang, Jiang-Tao Yuan, Mao-Sheng Li, Ying-Hui Yang, Shao-Ming Fei","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00393-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two sets of quantum entangled states that are equivalent under local unitary transformations may exhibit identical effectiveness and versatility in various quantum information processing tasks. Consequently, classification under local unitary transformations has become a fundamental issue in the theory of quantum entanglement. The primary objective of this work is to establish a practical LU-classification for all sets of <span>\\(l\\ (\\geq 2)\\)</span> generalized Bell states (GBSs), high-dimensional generalizations of Bell states, in a bipartite system <span>\\(\\mathbb{C}^{d}\\otimes \\mathbb{C}^{d}\\)</span> with <span>\\(d\\geq 3\\)</span>. Based on this classification, we determine the minimal cardinality of indistinguishable GBS sets in <span>\\(\\mathbb{C}^{6}\\otimes \\mathbb{C}^{6}\\)</span> under one-way local operations and classical communication (one-way LOCC). We first propose two classification methods based on LU-equivalence for all sets of <i>l</i> GBSs (<i>l</i>-GBS sets). We then establish LU-classification for all 2-GBS, 3-GBS, 4-GBS and 5-GBS sets in <span>\\(\\mathbb{C}^{6}\\otimes \\mathbb{C}^{6}\\)</span>. Since LU-equivalent sets share identical local distinguishability, it suffices to examine representative GBS sets from equivalent classes. Notably, we identify a one-way LOCC indistinguishable 4-GBS set among these representatives, thereby resolving the case of <span>\\(d = 6\\)</span> for the problem of determining the minimum cardinality of one-way LOCC indistinguishable GBS sets in (Yuan et al. in Quantum Inf Process. 18:145, 2019) or (Zhang et al. in Phys Rev A 91:012329, 2015).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00393-8","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Local unitary classification of sets of generalized Bell states in \\\\(\\\\mathbb{C}^{d}\\\\otimes \\\\mathbb{C}^{d}\\\\)\",\"authors\":\"Cai-Hong Wang, Jiang-Tao Yuan, Mao-Sheng Li, Ying-Hui Yang, Shao-Ming Fei\",\"doi\":\"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00393-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Two sets of quantum entangled states that are equivalent under local unitary transformations may exhibit identical effectiveness and versatility in various quantum information processing tasks. Consequently, classification under local unitary transformations has become a fundamental issue in the theory of quantum entanglement. The primary objective of this work is to establish a practical LU-classification for all sets of <span>\\\\(l\\\\ (\\\\geq 2)\\\\)</span> generalized Bell states (GBSs), high-dimensional generalizations of Bell states, in a bipartite system <span>\\\\(\\\\mathbb{C}^{d}\\\\otimes \\\\mathbb{C}^{d}\\\\)</span> with <span>\\\\(d\\\\geq 3\\\\)</span>. Based on this classification, we determine the minimal cardinality of indistinguishable GBS sets in <span>\\\\(\\\\mathbb{C}^{6}\\\\otimes \\\\mathbb{C}^{6}\\\\)</span> under one-way local operations and classical communication (one-way LOCC). We first propose two classification methods based on LU-equivalence for all sets of <i>l</i> GBSs (<i>l</i>-GBS sets). We then establish LU-classification for all 2-GBS, 3-GBS, 4-GBS and 5-GBS sets in <span>\\\\(\\\\mathbb{C}^{6}\\\\otimes \\\\mathbb{C}^{6}\\\\)</span>. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在局部酉变换下等价的两组量子纠缠态可以在各种量子信息处理任务中表现出相同的有效性和通用性。因此,局部酉变换下的分类已成为量子纠缠理论中的一个基本问题。本工作的主要目标是建立一个实用的lu分类,适用于所有集\(l\ (\geq 2)\)广义贝尔状态(gbs),贝尔状态的高维推广,在一个二部系统\(\mathbb{C}^{d}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{d}\)与\(d\geq 3\)。在此基础上,我们确定了\(\mathbb{C}^{6}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{6}\)中单向局部操作和经典通信(单向LOCC)下不可区分GBS集的最小基数。首先对l- gbs集合(l- gbs集合)提出了两种基于lu等价的分类方法。然后,我们在\(\mathbb{C}^{6}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{6}\)中建立了所有2-GBS, 3-GBS, 4-GBS和5-GBS集的lu分类。由于lu等价集具有相同的局部可分辨性,因此从等价类中检验具有代表性的GBS集就足够了。值得注意的是,我们在这些代表中确定了一个单向LOCC不可区分的4-GBS集,从而解决了\(d = 6\)中(Yuan et al. in Quantum Inf Process. 18:145, 2019)或(Zhang et al. in Phys Rev a 91:012329, 2015)确定单向LOCC不可区分GBS集最小基数的问题。
Local unitary classification of sets of generalized Bell states in \(\mathbb{C}^{d}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{d}\)
Two sets of quantum entangled states that are equivalent under local unitary transformations may exhibit identical effectiveness and versatility in various quantum information processing tasks. Consequently, classification under local unitary transformations has become a fundamental issue in the theory of quantum entanglement. The primary objective of this work is to establish a practical LU-classification for all sets of \(l\ (\geq 2)\) generalized Bell states (GBSs), high-dimensional generalizations of Bell states, in a bipartite system \(\mathbb{C}^{d}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{d}\) with \(d\geq 3\). Based on this classification, we determine the minimal cardinality of indistinguishable GBS sets in \(\mathbb{C}^{6}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{6}\) under one-way local operations and classical communication (one-way LOCC). We first propose two classification methods based on LU-equivalence for all sets of l GBSs (l-GBS sets). We then establish LU-classification for all 2-GBS, 3-GBS, 4-GBS and 5-GBS sets in \(\mathbb{C}^{6}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{6}\). Since LU-equivalent sets share identical local distinguishability, it suffices to examine representative GBS sets from equivalent classes. Notably, we identify a one-way LOCC indistinguishable 4-GBS set among these representatives, thereby resolving the case of \(d = 6\) for the problem of determining the minimum cardinality of one-way LOCC indistinguishable GBS sets in (Yuan et al. in Quantum Inf Process. 18:145, 2019) or (Zhang et al. in Phys Rev A 91:012329, 2015).
期刊介绍:
Driven by advances in technology and experimental capability, the last decade has seen the emergence of quantum technology: a new praxis for controlling the quantum world. It is now possible to engineer complex, multi-component systems that merge the once distinct fields of quantum optics and condensed matter physics.
EPJ Quantum Technology covers theoretical and experimental advances in subjects including but not limited to the following:
Quantum measurement, metrology and lithography
Quantum complex systems, networks and cellular automata
Quantum electromechanical systems
Quantum optomechanical systems
Quantum machines, engineering and nanorobotics
Quantum control theory
Quantum information, communication and computation
Quantum thermodynamics
Quantum metamaterials
The effect of Casimir forces on micro- and nano-electromechanical systems
Quantum biology
Quantum sensing
Hybrid quantum systems
Quantum simulations.