Study on Wind Power Secondary Calibration and Data Reliability of Wind Farm in Complex Terrain

The measurement of wind resources is essential prior to the construction of wind farms; however, due to the influence of complex terrain and environmental factors, the actual power output of wind turbines often deviates from the predicted values obtained during early-stage measurements. In order to accurately and reliably calibrate wind power in complex terrains, this study employs an improved algorithm combined with large eddy simulation (LES) method to investigate the impact of environmental factors, wake characteristics, and calculation methods on wind power calibration. Within the discrete LES calculation method, the immersion boundary approach is utilized to simulate air flow effects caused by mountainous terrain and surface roughness. The results obtained from LES simulations exhibit excellent agreement with measurements taken from anemometer towers. Furthermore, when simulating wakes in complex terrains, it is observed that mountain wakes deflect downward along their central tracks beneath mountain peaks. For double mountains (complex terrains), variations in airflow acceleration occur within lower portions of wakes resulting in upstream mountain wakes enveloping wind turbines. Consequently, these upstream mountains affect turbine performance whereby a decrease followed by an increase occurs as distance between relief features increases. This paper elucidates how environmental factors impact turbine power output performance under complex terrains while providing valuable insights for constructing wind farms within such challenging environments.