Smart Delivery Systems of Sorafenib Based on Biopolymers and Supramolecular Assemblies

The challenge of effective antitumor therapy remains a pressing global issue, particularly when utilizing low-molecular-weight biologically active compounds. Sorafenib (SF), a proven treatment for kidney cancer, suffers from very low bioavailability, underscoring the critical need for innovative delivery systems. Enhancing its bioavailability could significantly expand sorafenib's therapeutic potential to other oncological diseases. Early strategies for sorafenib delivery involved liposomes, cyclodextrins, and polymeric micelles. However, over the past five years, there have been remarkable advancements in the design of more sophisticated supramolecular and “smart” delivery systems with improved biological performance. These advanced systems often incorporate biopolymers with tunable properties alongside synthetic bioorganic compounds, offering greater precision and efficacy. This review analyzes recent developments in sorafenib delivery systems, highlighting current progress and identifying potential directions for further innovation in this critical area of cancer therapy.