Regina Berkovich, Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf, Eric Baetscher, Evan L Riddle, Marie Deffner, Emily Katsnelson, Janine Ferrant-Orgettas, Julie Czerkowicz, John Anderson, Susan E Goelz, Nicholas Schwab
{"title":"每年12周给药间隔:临床疗效、血液生物标志物和脑脊液细胞组成","authors":"Regina Berkovich, Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf, Eric Baetscher, Evan L Riddle, Marie Deffner, Emily Katsnelson, Janine Ferrant-Orgettas, Julie Czerkowicz, John Anderson, Susan E Goelz, Nicholas Schwab","doi":"10.1002/acn3.70207","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Natalizumab (NTZ) is a highly effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS); however, its use is limited by the risk of a rare potentially severe opportunistic brain infection, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Alternative dosing strategies are evaluated to reduce PML risk while still maintaining efficacy, which include extending the dosing interval (EID) or a lesser-known annual dosing gap (aGAP), which is the focus of this prospective observational single-site cohort study. We evaluated whether aGAP affects the efficacy of NTZ, which biomarkers could be useful for a personalized dosing strategy, and potential cellular mechanisms that might contribute to reducing the risk of PML during aGAP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical assessments, quantifications of NTZ, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were performed for ten study participants of a clinical trial (NCT04048577); CSF single-cell RNA-sequencing data from nine participants (15 samples) were analyzed together with 48 healthy and 35 MS controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although NTZ serum levels were decreased below EID levels and sVCAM-1 levels were increased, aGAP was not associated with MS activity as measured by EDSS and MRI. After aGAP, while CSF cell counts remained stable, the CSF immune cell composition changed and NfL values were increased 3 months post gap. CSF proportions of CD4, CD8, and natural killer cell subsets increased towards levels of untreated MS patients, while B-cell proportions remained unchanged.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The differential CSF composition associated with sVCAM-1 serum level changes suggests that selective immune cell trafficking may occur during aGAP, potentially contributing to PML prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":126,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Annual 12-Week Dosing Gap of Natalizumab: Clinical Efficacy, Blood Biomarkers, and CSF Cell Composition.\",\"authors\":\"Regina Berkovich, Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf, Eric Baetscher, Evan L Riddle, Marie Deffner, Emily Katsnelson, Janine Ferrant-Orgettas, Julie Czerkowicz, John Anderson, Susan E Goelz, Nicholas Schwab\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/acn3.70207\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Natalizumab (NTZ) is a highly effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS); however, its use is limited by the risk of a rare potentially severe opportunistic brain infection, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Alternative dosing strategies are evaluated to reduce PML risk while still maintaining efficacy, which include extending the dosing interval (EID) or a lesser-known annual dosing gap (aGAP), which is the focus of this prospective observational single-site cohort study. We evaluated whether aGAP affects the efficacy of NTZ, which biomarkers could be useful for a personalized dosing strategy, and potential cellular mechanisms that might contribute to reducing the risk of PML during aGAP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical assessments, quantifications of NTZ, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were performed for ten study participants of a clinical trial (NCT04048577); CSF single-cell RNA-sequencing data from nine participants (15 samples) were analyzed together with 48 healthy and 35 MS controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although NTZ serum levels were decreased below EID levels and sVCAM-1 levels were increased, aGAP was not associated with MS activity as measured by EDSS and MRI. After aGAP, while CSF cell counts remained stable, the CSF immune cell composition changed and NfL values were increased 3 months post gap. CSF proportions of CD4, CD8, and natural killer cell subsets increased towards levels of untreated MS patients, while B-cell proportions remained unchanged.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The differential CSF composition associated with sVCAM-1 serum level changes suggests that selective immune cell trafficking may occur during aGAP, potentially contributing to PML prevention.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":126,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.70207\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.70207","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual 12-Week Dosing Gap of Natalizumab: Clinical Efficacy, Blood Biomarkers, and CSF Cell Composition.
Objective: Natalizumab (NTZ) is a highly effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS); however, its use is limited by the risk of a rare potentially severe opportunistic brain infection, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Alternative dosing strategies are evaluated to reduce PML risk while still maintaining efficacy, which include extending the dosing interval (EID) or a lesser-known annual dosing gap (aGAP), which is the focus of this prospective observational single-site cohort study. We evaluated whether aGAP affects the efficacy of NTZ, which biomarkers could be useful for a personalized dosing strategy, and potential cellular mechanisms that might contribute to reducing the risk of PML during aGAP.
Methods: Clinical assessments, quantifications of NTZ, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were performed for ten study participants of a clinical trial (NCT04048577); CSF single-cell RNA-sequencing data from nine participants (15 samples) were analyzed together with 48 healthy and 35 MS controls.
Results: Although NTZ serum levels were decreased below EID levels and sVCAM-1 levels were increased, aGAP was not associated with MS activity as measured by EDSS and MRI. After aGAP, while CSF cell counts remained stable, the CSF immune cell composition changed and NfL values were increased 3 months post gap. CSF proportions of CD4, CD8, and natural killer cell subsets increased towards levels of untreated MS patients, while B-cell proportions remained unchanged.
Interpretation: The differential CSF composition associated with sVCAM-1 serum level changes suggests that selective immune cell trafficking may occur during aGAP, potentially contributing to PML prevention.
期刊介绍:
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology is a peer-reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of high-quality research related to all areas of neurology. The journal publishes original research and scholarly reviews focused on the mechanisms and treatments of diseases of the nervous system; high-impact topics in neurologic education; and other topics of interest to the clinical neuroscience community.