中国船舶油污损害赔偿制度的新发展：从中国海商法修订草案的视角

IF 3 2区生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Frontiers in Marine Science Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.3389/fmars.2025.1678620

Runnan Ha, Linyun Wei, Haoguang Li

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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文以2024年《海商法修正案（草案）》为例，探讨了中国船舶油污损害赔偿责任制度的法律框架演变。从历史上看，这一制度在中国的发展是通过加入国际公约、国内立法转型和配套制度的完善来实现的。然而，支离破碎的规则和过时的责任限制阻碍了有效的赔偿。DAML引入了专门的油污损害章节，确立了船东的严格责任，界定了赔偿范围，并强制实施了“保险和基金”双重保障制度。它进一步明确了多船溢油的共同责任和有利于地源法的冲突法规则。该研究认为，这一修订弥补了国际标准与国内法之间的差距，同时解决了司法上的不一致。为了完善这一制度，本文结合DAML修订文本进行了分析，并从完善法律制度、提供判例法指导、加强政府监督、完善配套法律保障四个方面提出了优化建议。

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Emerging developments in China’s ship-induced oil pollution damage liability regime: a perspective from the revised draft of China’s maritime law

This article examines China’s evolving legal framework for ship-induced oil pollution damage liability system, focusing on the 2024 Draft Amendment to the Maritime Law. Historically, the development of this system in China has been achieved through accession to international conventions, domestic legislative transformation, and the improvement of supporting systems. However, fragmented rules and outdated liability limits hindered effective compensation. DAML introduces a dedicated chapter on oil pollution damage, establishing strict liability for shipowners, defining compensation scope, and mandating an “Insurance and Fund” dual safeguard system. It further clarifies joint liability for multi-ship spills and conflict-of-law rules favoring the lex loci damni. The study argues that this revision bridges gaps between international standards and domestic law while addressing judicial inconsistencies. In order to refine this system, this article conducts an analysis in conjunction with DAML revision text and puts forward optimization suggestions from four perspectives: improving the legal system, providing case law guidance, enhancing government supervision, and perfecting supporting legal safeguards.

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Marine Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

16.20%

发文量

2443

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide. With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.