Achieving low-carbon future through CO2 storage: A comprehensive review of global projects and policies

Climate change mitigation efforts require innovative solutions to reduce GHG emissions. CCUS is a crucial technology for achieving a low-carbon economy. However, significant research gaps exist in understanding the intersection of CCUS policy and the United Nations' SDGs. This review article addresses these gaps by comprehensively analyzing CO₂ storage projects across six global regions, examining 53 notable CCUS projects, and assessing CCUS policies in 15 leading countries. The primary objectives of this study are to (1) analyze regional trends, challenges, and technological advancements in CO₂ storage projects across diverse geological formations; (2) investigate the integration of CCUS into national strategies across leading economies, including the US, Canada, Brazil, China, Japan, India, the UK, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, KSA, the UAE, and Qatar. The integration of CCUS with renewable energy sources and BECCS is explored, emphasizing its potential to achieve harmful emissions and support net-zero ambitions. Future perspectives focus on advancing CCUS efficiency and economic viability through innovations in sorbents, membranes, and process optimizations. The findings demonstrate significant alignment between CCUS policies and SDG targets, emphasizing the importance of integrated approaches to achieve a low-carbon future. This review serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders involved in the development of CO₂ storage solutions, providing insights into future perspectives and opportunities for CCUS.