Two-dimensional hybrid periodic micro/nanostructures fabricated by polarization holography of two femtosecond laser beams.

This study investigates a method for fabricating hybrid periodic micro/nanostructures based on polarization-controlled two-beam holography using a femtosecond laser. By adjusting the polarization combination of the two laser beams, four types of hybrid micro/nanostructures were successfully fabricated on the ZnO surface. The evolution of surface structures with increasing pulse numbers and laser fluences was also discussed. Theoretical calculations revealed the crucial role of polarization distribution in determining the orientation of nanostructures, which is consistent with the experimental results. This method enables structural diversity through polarization adjustment without the need for optical path adjustments, offering new ideas for applications such as photonic crystals and polarization-sensitive optical devices, to our knowledge.