Edoardo Pozzi, Fausto Negri, Massimiliano Raffo, Alessandro Bertini, Christian Corsini, Luca Boeri, Marina Pontillo, Massimo Locatelli, Enrico Papaleo, Luca Pagliardini, Alessia d'Arma, Massimo Alfano, Francesco Montorsi, Andrea Salonia
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After adjustment, AMH showed no independent association with sperm concentration.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>AMH is produced by Sertoli cells and may serve as a biomarker of spermatogenesis, yet literature lacks comprehensive comparative analyses across male fertility conditions.</p><p><strong>Study design, size, duration: </strong>Cross-sectional study with 1,085 white-European non-Finnish men with confirmed fertility, primary infertility, or NOA.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials, setting, methods: </strong>Men with confirmed fertility (n=116), primary infertility (n=791), and NOA (n=178) underwent comprehensive hormonal and semen analyses per WHO 2010 criteria. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used for group comparisons. Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Multivariate linear regression models identified factors associated with AMH levels and sperm concentration.</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>AMH levels were significantly lower in non-obstructive azoospermia versus fertile men and primary infertility 3.8 (1.6-7.2) vs. 5.1 (3.6-7.0) vs. 4.9 (3.0-7.8) ng/mL; p<0.001. AMH negatively correlated with age and FSH, positively with testicular volume and sperm concentration. Age, FSH, and testicular volume independently associated with AMH; FSH and testicular volume, not AMH, independently associated with sperm concentration.</p><p><strong>Limitations, reasons for caution: </strong>Cross-sectional design limits causality. Limited ethnic generalizability.</p><p><strong>Wider implications of the findings: </strong>AMH reflects Sertoli cell function and testicular status rather than directly influencing spermatogenesis, potentially serving as a complementary male fertility biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":520805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Serum anti-müllerian hormone as a biomarker of functional testicular reserve: a comparative analysis.\",\"authors\":\"Edoardo Pozzi, Fausto Negri, Massimiliano Raffo, Alessandro Bertini, Christian Corsini, Luca Boeri, Marina Pontillo, Massimo Locatelli, Enrico Papaleo, Luca Pagliardini, Alessia d'Arma, Massimo Alfano, Francesco Montorsi, Andrea Salonia\",\"doi\":\"10.1210/clinem/dgaf520\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Study question: </strong>How do serum Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels differ among men with varying fertility statuses, and what is the relationship between AMH, spermatogenesis, and functional testicular reserve?</p><p><strong>Summary answer: </strong>Serum AMH levels were significantly lower in men with NOA compared to fertile controls and non-azoospermic infertile men. AMH correlated negatively with age and FSH, and positively with testicular volume and sperm concentration. After adjustment, AMH showed no independent association with sperm concentration.</p><p><strong>What is known already: </strong>AMH is produced by Sertoli cells and may serve as a biomarker of spermatogenesis, yet literature lacks comprehensive comparative analyses across male fertility conditions.</p><p><strong>Study design, size, duration: </strong>Cross-sectional study with 1,085 white-European non-Finnish men with confirmed fertility, primary infertility, or NOA.</p><p><strong>Participants/materials, setting, methods: </strong>Men with confirmed fertility (n=116), primary infertility (n=791), and NOA (n=178) underwent comprehensive hormonal and semen analyses per WHO 2010 criteria. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used for group comparisons. Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Multivariate linear regression models identified factors associated with AMH levels and sperm concentration.</p><p><strong>Main results and the role of chance: </strong>AMH levels were significantly lower in non-obstructive azoospermia versus fertile men and primary infertility 3.8 (1.6-7.2) vs. 5.1 (3.6-7.0) vs. 4.9 (3.0-7.8) ng/mL; p<0.001. AMH negatively correlated with age and FSH, positively with testicular volume and sperm concentration. Age, FSH, and testicular volume independently associated with AMH; FSH and testicular volume, not AMH, independently associated with sperm concentration.</p><p><strong>Limitations, reasons for caution: </strong>Cross-sectional design limits causality. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
研究问题：血清抗勒氏杆菌激素（AMH）水平在不同生育状况的男性之间有何差异，AMH、精子发生和睾丸功能储备之间的关系是什么？总结回答：与生育对照组和非无精子不育男性相比，NOA男性的血清AMH水平显著降低。AMH与年龄、FSH呈负相关，与睾丸体积、精子浓度呈正相关。调整后，AMH与精子浓度无独立关联。已知情况：AMH由支持细胞产生，可能作为精子发生的生物标志物，但文献缺乏对男性生育条件的全面比较分析。研究设计、规模、持续时间：横断面研究纳入1085名确认有生育能力、原发性不孕症或NOA的欧洲白人非芬兰男性。参与者/材料、环境、方法：确认有生育能力的男性（n=116）、原发性不育症男性（n=791）和NOA男性（n=178）根据世卫组织2010年标准进行了全面的激素和精液分析。组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和卡方检验。使用Spearman秩相关评估相关性。多元线性回归模型确定了与AMH水平和精子浓度相关的因素。主要结果和偶发因素的作用：AMH水平在非阻塞性无精子症和可育男性和原发性不育症中显著低于3.8 (1.6-7.2)vs 5.1 (3.6-7.0) vs 4.9 (3.0-7.8) ng/mL；局限性，谨慎的原因：横断面设计限制了因果关系。有限的种族普遍性。研究结果的更广泛含义：AMH反映了支持细胞功能和睾丸状态，而不是直接影响精子发生，可能作为男性生育能力的补充生物标志物。
Serum anti-müllerian hormone as a biomarker of functional testicular reserve: a comparative analysis.
Study question: How do serum Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels differ among men with varying fertility statuses, and what is the relationship between AMH, spermatogenesis, and functional testicular reserve?
Summary answer: Serum AMH levels were significantly lower in men with NOA compared to fertile controls and non-azoospermic infertile men. AMH correlated negatively with age and FSH, and positively with testicular volume and sperm concentration. After adjustment, AMH showed no independent association with sperm concentration.
What is known already: AMH is produced by Sertoli cells and may serve as a biomarker of spermatogenesis, yet literature lacks comprehensive comparative analyses across male fertility conditions.
Study design, size, duration: Cross-sectional study with 1,085 white-European non-Finnish men with confirmed fertility, primary infertility, or NOA.
Participants/materials, setting, methods: Men with confirmed fertility (n=116), primary infertility (n=791), and NOA (n=178) underwent comprehensive hormonal and semen analyses per WHO 2010 criteria. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used for group comparisons. Correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Multivariate linear regression models identified factors associated with AMH levels and sperm concentration.
Main results and the role of chance: AMH levels were significantly lower in non-obstructive azoospermia versus fertile men and primary infertility 3.8 (1.6-7.2) vs. 5.1 (3.6-7.0) vs. 4.9 (3.0-7.8) ng/mL; p<0.001. AMH negatively correlated with age and FSH, positively with testicular volume and sperm concentration. Age, FSH, and testicular volume independently associated with AMH; FSH and testicular volume, not AMH, independently associated with sperm concentration.
Wider implications of the findings: AMH reflects Sertoli cell function and testicular status rather than directly influencing spermatogenesis, potentially serving as a complementary male fertility biomarker.
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