Examining the reciprocal relationship of unstructured socialising with peers and delinquency: A cross-lagged analysis

Osgood et al. (1996) established a reformulated theory to better explain patterns of situational offending, coined the routine activity theory of general deviance or more commonly known as unstructured socialising with peers (USWP). The present study seeks to explore whether the association between USWP and delinquency/substance use may influence one another over time in a reciprocal manner. Results showed that although not happening instantly, property delinquency and USWP form a reciprocal relationship, Similar findings were reported for substance use. Violent delinquency, however, influences USWP but not in a reciprocal manner. The study concludes with theoretical implications, limitations and directions for future research.