Advances and Perspectives in Photocatalysts for Low-Concentration CO2 Conversion

Photocatalytic conversion of low-concentration CO₂ offers a sustainable energy and environmental solution, yet the insensitivity of conventional catalysts to low-concentration CO₂ remains a critical limitation. This article provides a systematic summary of recent advances in catalyst design strategies for low-concentration CO₂ conversion, categorized into C₁ and C₂ product pathways. Despite significant progress in catalysts development, substantial challenges remain in translating laboratory achievements to industrial-scale applications. Herein, critical perspectives on future research directions to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical implementation in this emerging field are provided.