Non-invasive brain technologies and their role in clinical applications.

Introduction: Noninvasive brain monitoring and stimulation techniques are widely used in research and clinical applications. These techniques allow researchers and clinicians to study and affect brain activity safely, without any risk associated with invasive procedures.

Areas covered: The present review paper is focused on noninvasive brain monitoring and stimulation techniques. First, noninvasive brain monitoring techniques that are beneficial for clinical experts to detect neurological disorders are highlighted. These techniques also help to identify the exact locations where cognitive functions are disturbed. Second, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques that are provided to the patient's specific locations to improve the cognitive function by modulating the neuronal excitability are also discussed in this paper.

Expert opinion: Several clinical studies provide strong evidence related to the improvement of cognitive functions of patients suffering from neurological disorders using NIBS procedures. Various studies are being carried out to upgrade the noninvasive brain monitoring and stimulation techniques combined with artificial intelligence (AI) as transformative tool for advancing personalized portable home-based care, which may be beneficial to improve the lifestyle of patients suffering from the neurological disorders.