Junhao Li, Li Wang, Shiyao Wu, Guifen Yang, Long Jiang Zhang
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Imaging Brown Adipose Tissue: Current State and Future Perspective.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized type of fat tissue that utilizes various nutrients and is considered a novel therapeutic target for metabolic, disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. However, the current standard imaging method for BAT, 18F-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography ([18F] FDG PET-CT), fails to meet clinical demands due to its prohibitive costs, prolonged imaging times, and radiation exposure, which are significant concerns for longitudinal studies. To overcome these limitations, emerging imaging modalities are being explored, aiming to address these challenges by focusing on alternative biomarkers of BAT, such as lipid content, perfusion, density, thermal emissions, and mitochondrial activity. Advanced imaging methods have been developed for precise imaging, facile operation, and broad applicability. In this review, we provide a brief overview of BAT physiology and function, as well as current advancements in BAT imaging methods, including positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, infrared thermography, optoacoustic imaging, and Xenon-enhanced imaging. Future perspectives, such as the application of artificial intelligence to BAT imaging, are also discussed.
期刊介绍:
Theranostics serves as a pivotal platform for the exchange of clinical and scientific insights within the diagnostic and therapeutic molecular and nanomedicine community, along with allied professions engaged in integrating molecular imaging and therapy. As a multidisciplinary journal, Theranostics showcases innovative research articles spanning fields such as in vitro diagnostics and prognostics, in vivo molecular imaging, molecular therapeutics, image-guided therapy, biosensor technology, nanobiosensors, bioelectronics, system biology, translational medicine, point-of-care applications, and personalized medicine. Encouraging a broad spectrum of biomedical research with potential theranostic applications, the journal rigorously peer-reviews primary research, alongside publishing reviews, news, and commentary that aim to bridge the gap between the laboratory, clinic, and biotechnology industries.