Use of Ambulatory Glucose Profile in Monitoring and Improved Control of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus When Compared to Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is hyperglycemia diagnosed for the first time during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It often leads to neonatal complications. Effective management of GDM is crucial to mitigate such risks. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) vs self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in managing GDM.

Methods: This 18-month observational study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India, involving 65 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Thirty-two patients wore the flash glucose monitoring system (AGP group) and 33 performed SMBG (SMBG group). Blood glucose levels were monitored using AGP and SMBG, with data collected on fasting, postprandial glucose levels, and hypoglycemic events till 15 days after enrollment. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.

Results: The AGP group showed significant reductions in blood glucose levels across all measured times. Mean blood glucose concentrations decreased significantly in both groups from enrollment till 15 days, with no significant intergroup differences. The AGP group had a higher mean time in range (92 vs 90%) and lower time above range (4 vs 6%) compared to the SMBG group. Hypoglycemic events were fewer in the AGP group.

Conclusion: AGP demonstrated superior effectiveness in managing GDM by providing continuous glucose monitoring, improving glycemic control, and reducing hypoglycemic events compared to SMBG. AGP is recommended for better glucose management in GDM patients.