Advanced 3PM strategies in traditional Chinese medicine gels for wound healing integrating 3D/4D printing, network pharmacology and multiomics technologies.

This review examines advanced predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) strategies, along with the targeted modern approach for enhancing the performance and clinical utility of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) gels for wound healing. These strategies are based on recent technological advancements involving 3D/4D printing, network pharmacology and multiomics technologies. TCM gels, characterized by their multicomponent and multitarget mechanisms, hold great potential for addressing the diverse challenges in the wound healing process, including inflammation, angiogenesis disorders and microbial infections. Their therapeutic effects are optimized through the modernization of classical TCM formulas, innovative design of matrix materials and functionalized drug delivery techniques. The underlying mechanisms of TCM gels are elucidated using multiomics technologies, while clinical translation focuses on standardization, quality control and rigorous clinical trial design. Future directions may include personalized treatment plans, care for complex wounds and the integration of environmentally sustainable and smart technologies. To achieve broader utilization in modern wound healing, challenges related to standardization and regulatory compliance must be addressed. The successful incorporation of TCM gels into current wound care systems can significantly contribute to public health, supporting the goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all.

Graphical abstract: