The effect of Angio-CT on the efficacy of hemoptysis patients with non-bronchial systemic arteries-a retrospective study.

Background: Hemoptysis is a prevalent symptom among patients with respiratory diseases, and those experiencing hemoptysis from non-bronchial artery sources are particularly susceptible to recurrence following treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of angiogram computed tomography (Angio-CT) on bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in patients with non-bronchial systemic arteries (NBSA).

Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 100 patients experiencing hemoptysis due to various etiologies between January 2020 and June 2024 in Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: BAE treatment combined with Angio-CT group (n=60); Conventional BAE treatment group (n=40). A total of 26 and 14 patients in each group experienced hemoptysis attributed to NBSA. Clinical data were recorded, including age, gender, volume of hemoptysis, etc. Hemoptysis-free survival and overall survival were illustrated using Kaplan-Meier curves. The log-rank test was used to assess the differences in hemoptysis-free survival and overall survival between the two groups.

Results: Technical success was achieved in all patients. There were no statistical differences in clinical success rate (90.0% vs. 91.7%, P=0.78). The difference in recurrence rates between the two patient groups is statistically significant (11.7% vs. 27.5%, P=0.04). And among patients with NBSA, the Angio-CT group exhibited a higher recurrence rate without hemoptysis compared to the traditional BAE group (P=0.04). In contrast, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between the two groups of patients without NBSA (P=0.68).

Conclusions: The application of Angio-CT in guiding the treatment of NBSA-related hemoptysis offers superior clinical outcomes compared to conventional approaches. These findings could provide valuable evidence for refining therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving patient management in hemoptysis cases.