Bioelectrical Impedance Technology in Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives

Bioelectrical impedance technology (EIT) is a promising noninvasive tool for real-time monitoring and diagnosis, especially in neurology. It is gaining attention for its ability to assess the electrical properties of tissues, providing valuable insights into neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and brain edema. Despite its potential, challenges remain, including limitations in spatial resolution, difficulties in imaging deep brain structures, and the need for standardized protocols across clinical settings. This review explores recent advances in EIT, focusing on its application in neurological disease diagnosis and monitoring. It highlights the integration of advanced algorithms, multimodal imaging, and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance resolution, efficiency, and clinical applicability. Additionally, the potential for personalized medicine through continuous, real-time monitoring is discussed, along with the need for further research to address existing limitations. This review synthesizes current knowledge and offers insights into future directions for the development and clinical translation of EIT in neurology. It provides a comprehensive overview of EIT's current capabilities and future prospects for improving neurological disease diagnosis and management.