New methyl/benzyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-one Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization (IR, NMR), Antidiabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Molecular Docking Study

New 1,2,4-triazole compounds were synthesized in this study. These compounds (2,3,5,6 (a–f)) were characterized by IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR studies. Acarbose was used as a standard for alpha glycosidase and alpha amylase enzymes, while tacrine molecule was used as a standard for acetylcholinesterase enzyme. While the IC₅₀ result of acarbose was found to be 6.430 ± 0.736, the IC₅₀ values for α-gly and α-amly enzymes were 1.454 ± 0.087 µM–3.7973 ± 0.3352 µM and 1.509 ± 0.161 µM–3.797 ± 0.335 µM, respectively. In addition, the IC₅₀ values for AChE enzyme were found to be in the range of 1.330 ± 0.118 µM–11.104 ± 3.463 µM. Except for molecules 5a, 5b and 5 f, all other molecules were found to be more active than the standard. Molecular docking simulations were conducted to explore the interactions of 3e and 3 f compounds with Human Acetylcholinesterase, using tacrine as a reference molecule, to evaluate binding affinities and key ligand-protein interactions.