{"title":"印度南部沿海农业土壤中的微塑料和微量元素污染:覆盖和未覆盖农田的比较风险评估。","authors":"Chattanchal Ashwathi, Anish Kumar Warrier, Monalisha Murmu, Udita Priyadarsini, Santhosh Prabhu","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02746-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the occurrence and ecological risks of microplastics (MPs) and trace elements in coastal agricultural soils from Karnataka, southern India. Surface and subsurface soils from mulched (watermelon) and unmulched (rice) fields were analyzed for MP abundance, morphology, polymer composition, and trace elements. Microplastics were identified using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and metals were quantified via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) confirmed elemental associations on MP surfaces. Risk was assessed using the Polymer Hazard Index (PHI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (I<sub>geo</sub>), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). Results showed higher MP concentrations in surface soils and mulched fields, with polyethylene (PE) as the dominant polymer. Most MPs were 0.1-0.3 mm (49-50%) or 0.3-1 mm (40-47%) in size. Films were the most common type (61%), followed by fibres and fragments, with fibres dominating deeper layers. Transparent MPs were the most abundant, followed by blue, white, and black. The Polymer Hazard Index (PHI) indicated high risk. The Coefficient of Microplastic Impact (CMPI) showed a moderate impact, while the Pollution Load Index (PLI) values for MPs indicated low to moderate pollution, with particularly elevated levels in mulched soils. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) classified risk levels as low to moderate, with higher values also observed in mulched fields. Among trace elements, the concentration followed the order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cr > Pb. While PLI and I<sub>geo</sub> suggested low to moderate contamination, PERI indicated low ecological risk. These findings highlight how plastic mulching increases MP accumulation and alters metal dynamics in soil. The co-occurrence of MPs and metals raises concerns for soil health and food safety. Sustainable land management and regular monitoring are critical to mitigate long-term risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433925/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Microplastic and trace element contamination in coastal agricultural soils of southern India: a comparative risk assessment of mulched and unmulched fields.\",\"authors\":\"Chattanchal Ashwathi, Anish Kumar Warrier, Monalisha Murmu, Udita Priyadarsini, Santhosh Prabhu\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10653-025-02746-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>This study investigates the occurrence and ecological risks of microplastics (MPs) and trace elements in coastal agricultural soils from Karnataka, southern India. Surface and subsurface soils from mulched (watermelon) and unmulched (rice) fields were analyzed for MP abundance, morphology, polymer composition, and trace elements. Microplastics were identified using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and metals were quantified via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) confirmed elemental associations on MP surfaces. Risk was assessed using the Polymer Hazard Index (PHI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (I<sub>geo</sub>), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). Results showed higher MP concentrations in surface soils and mulched fields, with polyethylene (PE) as the dominant polymer. Most MPs were 0.1-0.3 mm (49-50%) or 0.3-1 mm (40-47%) in size. Films were the most common type (61%), followed by fibres and fragments, with fibres dominating deeper layers. Transparent MPs were the most abundant, followed by blue, white, and black. The Polymer Hazard Index (PHI) indicated high risk. The Coefficient of Microplastic Impact (CMPI) showed a moderate impact, while the Pollution Load Index (PLI) values for MPs indicated low to moderate pollution, with particularly elevated levels in mulched soils. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) classified risk levels as low to moderate, with higher values also observed in mulched fields. Among trace elements, the concentration followed the order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cr > Pb. While PLI and I<sub>geo</sub> suggested low to moderate contamination, PERI indicated low ecological risk. These findings highlight how plastic mulching increases MP accumulation and alters metal dynamics in soil. The co-occurrence of MPs and metals raises concerns for soil health and food safety. 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Microplastic and trace element contamination in coastal agricultural soils of southern India: a comparative risk assessment of mulched and unmulched fields.
This study investigates the occurrence and ecological risks of microplastics (MPs) and trace elements in coastal agricultural soils from Karnataka, southern India. Surface and subsurface soils from mulched (watermelon) and unmulched (rice) fields were analyzed for MP abundance, morphology, polymer composition, and trace elements. Microplastics were identified using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and metals were quantified via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) confirmed elemental associations on MP surfaces. Risk was assessed using the Polymer Hazard Index (PHI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). Results showed higher MP concentrations in surface soils and mulched fields, with polyethylene (PE) as the dominant polymer. Most MPs were 0.1-0.3 mm (49-50%) or 0.3-1 mm (40-47%) in size. Films were the most common type (61%), followed by fibres and fragments, with fibres dominating deeper layers. Transparent MPs were the most abundant, followed by blue, white, and black. The Polymer Hazard Index (PHI) indicated high risk. The Coefficient of Microplastic Impact (CMPI) showed a moderate impact, while the Pollution Load Index (PLI) values for MPs indicated low to moderate pollution, with particularly elevated levels in mulched soils. The Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) classified risk levels as low to moderate, with higher values also observed in mulched fields. Among trace elements, the concentration followed the order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cr > Pb. While PLI and Igeo suggested low to moderate contamination, PERI indicated low ecological risk. These findings highlight how plastic mulching increases MP accumulation and alters metal dynamics in soil. The co-occurrence of MPs and metals raises concerns for soil health and food safety. Sustainable land management and regular monitoring are critical to mitigate long-term risks.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people.
Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes.
The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.