Victor Hugo Spitz, Bianca Besteti Fernandes Damiano, Loyná Eua Flores E Paez, Mariana de Amorim Auler, Letícia Lopes, Loren Beiram, Guilherme Pimenta Roncete, Otávio De Lacquila Yano, Raphael Neves Dos Santos Mosqueira Gomes, Rodolfo Furlan Damiano
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Specifically, permissive gun policies and firearm ownership are linked to higher rates of firearm-related suicides and aggressive behavior. Exposure to gun violence significantly exacerbates psychological distress, especially among vulnerable populations, and its effects persist long after direct exposure.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review highlights the urgent need for comprehensive policies that address firearm accessibility, promote mental health interventions, and address the social determinants of firearm-related harm. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：越来越多的枪支可及性和相关暴力已经引发了关于公共枪支政策的全球辩论。虽然与枪支有关的人身危险已得到广泛承认，但枪支使用和可及性的心理影响仍需进一步探讨。我们评估了枪支所有权、暴力和政策对不同人群心理健康结果的影响。方法：根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南，对包括PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和PsycInfo在内的多个数据库进行了全面的文献综述，共产生467项研究。然后进行范围审查，对枪支获取与攻击行为、药物滥用、社会暴力和精神健康结果之间的关系进行主题分类和分析。结果：我们的研究结果确定了枪械影响心理健康的三个基本心理机制：(1)作为痛苦时冲动行为的促成因素；(2)放大现有心理状态（如攻击性、恐惧、创伤）；(3)作为改变权力动态和脆弱性认知的符号。具体来说，宽松的枪支政策和枪支所有权与枪支相关的自杀和攻击行为的高发率有关。接触枪支暴力会显著加剧心理困扰，尤其是弱势群体，其影响在直接接触枪支暴力后仍会持续很长时间。讨论：本综述强调，迫切需要制定全面的政策，解决枪支可及性问题，促进心理健康干预，并解决枪支相关危害的社会决定因素。这种针对这些个人和社会因素的综合公共卫生办法，对于减轻枪支影响人口心理健康的复杂心理途径至关重要。
The Impact of Firearm Ownership, Violence, and Policies on Mental Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.
Background: Increased firearm accessibility and related violence have generated global debate concerning public gun policies. Although the physical dangers associated with firearms are widely acknowledged, the psychological effects of firearm use and accessibility require greater exploration. We evaluate the influences of gun ownership, violence, and policies on mental health outcomes across different populations.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycInfo, yielding 467 studies. A scoping review was then performed to thematically categorize and analyze the associations between gun access and aggressive behavior, substance abuse, societal violence, and mental health outcomes.
Results: Our findings identify three fundamental psychological mechanisms through which firearms affect mental health: (1) as enablers of impulsive action during distress; (2) as amplifiers of existing psychological states (e.g., aggression, fear, trauma); (3) and as symbols that transform power dynamics and vulnerability perceptions. Specifically, permissive gun policies and firearm ownership are linked to higher rates of firearm-related suicides and aggressive behavior. Exposure to gun violence significantly exacerbates psychological distress, especially among vulnerable populations, and its effects persist long after direct exposure.
Discussion: This review highlights the urgent need for comprehensive policies that address firearm accessibility, promote mental health interventions, and address the social determinants of firearm-related harm. Such an integrated public health approach addressing these individual and societal factors is essential for mitigating the complex psychological pathways through which firearms affect mental health across populations.
期刊介绍：
The Harvard Review of Psychiatry is the authoritative source for scholarly reviews and perspectives on important topics in psychiatry. Founded by the Harvard Medical School''s Department of Psychiatry, the Harvard Review of Psychiatry features review papers that summarize and synthesize the key literature in a scholarly and clinically relevant manner. Topics covered include: Schizophrenia and related disorders; Mood disorders; Personality disorders; Substance use disorders; Anxiety; Neuroscience; Psychosocial aspects of psychiatry; Ethics; Psychiatric education; and much more.
In addition, a Clinical Challenges section presents a case with discussion from a panel of experts. Brief reviews are presented in topic-specific columns that include Cross-Cultural Psychiatry, History of Psychiatry, Ethics, and others.
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