Supporting sustainable mangrove management in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: An application of the Environment-Vulnerability-Decision-Technology systems engineering framework

Mangroves are critical ecosystems offering ecological, economic, and social benefits, yet they face increasing threats from urbanization, climate change, and competing land-use priorities. Effective management requires decision-making frameworks that integrate environmental data, stakeholder perspectives, and sustainable development goals. This study demonstrates the Environment-Vulnerability-Decision-Technology (EVDT) Framework through a case study in Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The EVDT Framework emphasizes participatory, scalable, and systems-based approaches, integrating technologies such as Earth Observation (EO) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with stakeholder-driven processes. By focusing on mangrove conservation and sustainable development, the study addresses key research objectives: analyzing system architecture, developing a decision support system (DSS), and harnessing its utility through stakeholder engagement. Findings highlight the framework’s capacity to balance environmental, social, and economic objectives while fostering inclusive design. This case study contributes to refining the EVDT Framework and offers actionable insights for policymakers and researchers tackling complex socio-environmental challenges.