Multivariate analysis of frequency, duration and companionship in walking behaviors among adults over 50

Introduction

Physical activity is essential for maintaining mental and physical health. Despite its benefits, older adults fall short of the recommended physical activity levels. Walking, in particular, offers significant advantages for older adults because of its low-impact nature and lower likelihood of serious injuries. This paper examines three key dimensions of walking behavior among adults aged 50 and older: frequency, duration, and social companionship (SC).

Methods

Utilizing data from the 2022 American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) Walking Survey, and employing a joint modeling approach, we identify the factors influencing each of the three dimensions of walking behavior.

Results

Our findings suggest that older unemployed adults from low-income/minority households, women, and individuals in households with children tend to walk less frequently and for shorter durations. Having social company on walks has the highest positive effect on both walking frequency and duration, dominating over other sociodemographic factors. The results also point to specific population segments: specifically Black individuals, those employed, and single adults, walk less in groups, while those in households with children walk more in groups.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the importance of considering social aspects in understanding walking behavior, and call for policies that foster group walking programs, enhance safe and age-friendly walking environments, and implement customized awareness/incentive initiatives to increase physical activity and provide equitable access to the many health benefits of walking.