Tanxing Cai, Zhenxing Liang, Zhiping Chen, Yang Li, Wei Xiao, Wenfeng Liang, Hao Xie, Huashan Liu, Ziwei Zeng, Xin Yang, Shuanglin Luo, Xiaobin Zheng, Keli Zhong, Liang Huang, Li Xiong, Liang Kang
{"title":"kdm4a诱导的肿瘤衰老通过抑制AGT-PHB1轴介导的结直肠癌有丝分裂来增强免疫治疗的效果。","authors":"Tanxing Cai, Zhenxing Liang, Zhiping Chen, Yang Li, Wei Xiao, Wenfeng Liang, Hao Xie, Huashan Liu, Ziwei Zeng, Xin Yang, Shuanglin Luo, Xiaobin Zheng, Keli Zhong, Liang Huang, Li Xiong, Liang Kang","doi":"10.1080/15548627.2025.2551680","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can re-active the immune response and induce a complete response in mismatch repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, most CRCs exhibit proficient mismatch repair and microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) phenotypes with limited immunotherapy response because of sparse intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte infiltration. Cellular senescence has been reported to involve immune cell infiltration through a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the relationship between CRC cellular senescence and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte infiltration remains unclear. Through integrated analysis of clinical cohorts and transcriptomic data across mismatch repair (MMR) subtypes, we identified cellular senescence as a hallmark of dMMR tumors, accompanied by elevated expression of KDM4A (lysine demethylase 4A). Clinically, KDM4A<sup>high</sup> CDKN2A/p16<sup>high</sup> expression correlated with improved CRC patient prognosis. Mechanistically, KDM4A upregulated AGT (angiotensinogen) expression through H3K9me3 demethylation and promoted CRC cellular senescence. Meanwhile, KDM4A-driven senescence suppressed tumor growth and enhanced intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte infiltration via enhancing SASP-associated secretion. Furthermore, AGT disrupted PHB1 (prohibitin 1)-mediated basal mitophagy, triggering cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulation that activated CGAS-STING1 signaling and enhanced SASP secretion. Crucially, KDM4A overexpression potentiated anti-PDCD1/PD1 efficacy in MSI-H CRC and reversed therapy resistance in MSS CRC. Conclusively, we established a KDM4A-AGT-PHB1 (KAP) grade system that robustly predicts immunotherapy responsiveness in pMMR CRC patients.<b>Abbreviation</b>: AGT: angiotensinogen; BafA: bafilomycin A<sub>1</sub>; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CRC: colorectal cancer; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; dMMR: deficient mismatch repair; EdU: 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL6: interleukin 6; IL8: interleukin 8; IHC: immunohistochemical; KDM4A: lysine demethylase 4A; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MS: mass spectrometry; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; PHB1: prohibitin 1; PHB2: prohibitin 2; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; pMMR: proficient mismatch repair; PRKN/parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SA-GLB1/β-gal: senescence-associated galactosidase beta 1; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TRIM21: tripartite motif containing 21; TUBB/beta-tubulin: tubulin beta class I.</p>","PeriodicalId":93893,"journal":{"name":"Autophagy","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":14.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"KDM4A-induced tumor senescence enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy by inhibiting AGT-PHB1 axis-mediated mitophagy in colorectal cancer.\",\"authors\":\"Tanxing Cai, Zhenxing Liang, Zhiping Chen, Yang Li, Wei Xiao, Wenfeng Liang, Hao Xie, Huashan Liu, Ziwei Zeng, Xin Yang, Shuanglin Luo, Xiaobin Zheng, Keli Zhong, Liang Huang, Li Xiong, Liang Kang\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/15548627.2025.2551680\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can re-active the immune response and induce a complete response in mismatch repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, most CRCs exhibit proficient mismatch repair and microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) phenotypes with limited immunotherapy response because of sparse intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte infiltration. Cellular senescence has been reported to involve immune cell infiltration through a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the relationship between CRC cellular senescence and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte infiltration remains unclear. Through integrated analysis of clinical cohorts and transcriptomic data across mismatch repair (MMR) subtypes, we identified cellular senescence as a hallmark of dMMR tumors, accompanied by elevated expression of KDM4A (lysine demethylase 4A). Clinically, KDM4A<sup>high</sup> CDKN2A/p16<sup>high</sup> expression correlated with improved CRC patient prognosis. Mechanistically, KDM4A upregulated AGT (angiotensinogen) expression through H3K9me3 demethylation and promoted CRC cellular senescence. Meanwhile, KDM4A-driven senescence suppressed tumor growth and enhanced intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte infiltration via enhancing SASP-associated secretion. Furthermore, AGT disrupted PHB1 (prohibitin 1)-mediated basal mitophagy, triggering cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulation that activated CGAS-STING1 signaling and enhanced SASP secretion. Crucially, KDM4A overexpression potentiated anti-PDCD1/PD1 efficacy in MSI-H CRC and reversed therapy resistance in MSS CRC. Conclusively, we established a KDM4A-AGT-PHB1 (KAP) grade system that robustly predicts immunotherapy responsiveness in pMMR CRC patients.<b>Abbreviation</b>: AGT: angiotensinogen; BafA: bafilomycin A<sub>1</sub>; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CRC: colorectal cancer; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; dMMR: deficient mismatch repair; EdU: 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL6: interleukin 6; IL8: interleukin 8; IHC: immunohistochemical; KDM4A: lysine demethylase 4A; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MS: mass spectrometry; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; PHB1: prohibitin 1; PHB2: prohibitin 2; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; pMMR: proficient mismatch repair; PRKN/parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SA-GLB1/β-gal: senescence-associated galactosidase beta 1; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TRIM21: tripartite motif containing 21; TUBB/beta-tubulin: tubulin beta class I.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":93893,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Autophagy\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-22\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":14.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Autophagy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2025.2551680\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Autophagy","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2025.2551680","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
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