From waste to resource: Garlic peel-derived proteases (Allium sativum) for nematode control

This study aimed to prepare a protease-rich extract from garlic peel (Allium sativum) and evaluate its nematicidal potential. The garlic peel was crushed, suspended in distilled water, and the obtained extract was subjected to filtration, centrifugation, and dialysis to concentrate the proteases. The nematicidal activity was tested in vitro on Panagrellus sp. and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes using both active and denatured extracts. Additionally, the effectiveness of the extract was evaluated in soil simulations and in a greenhouse trial with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). In the in vitro tests, a 72.38% reduction in Panagrellus sp. and complete elimination of M. incognita were observed with the active extract. In the soil simulation, the extract reduced nematode populations by up to 100%. In the greenhouse trial, a 93% reduction in M. incognita eggs in bean roots was noted, along with improvements in plant growth and an increase in pod number. This is the first study to report the nematicidal effect of garlic peel on these species, suggesting its potential for nematode control.